Tratamiento de las alergias alimentarias. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: IgE-mediated food allergy is an immunological condition primarily affecting children, characterized by exaggerated immune responses to harmless food proteins. This disease has shown an increase in prevalence, especially in industrialized countries, and is associated with allergic reactions that can be potentially life-threatening. In the last decade, the use of omalizumab, an anti-IgE monoclonal antibody, has gained relevance as a treatment for severe IgEmediated food allergies.

Objective: this article aims to review recent advances in the diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and prevention of food allergies in pediatrics, highlighting the use of omalizumab as an effective therapeutic option.

Methodology: a literature review of recent studies on pharmacological treatments and innovative approaches to food allergy was conducted, with a focus on clinical trials involving omalizumab, both as monotherapy and in combination with oral immunotherapy (OIT).

Results: the reviewed studies demonstrate that omalizumab significantly increases food tolerance in children with IgE-mediated food allergies. Its combination with OIT enhances desensitization and reduces adverse effects, especially during the escalation phase of immunotherapy. However, the duration of its effects remains a topic of debate.

Conclusions: omalizumab is a promising option to improve allergen tolerance in pediatric patients with food allergies. Further research is needed to determine its long-term effectiveness and optimal dosing.