Planificación urbana mediante indicadores de sostenibilidad para crear superficie verde pública en un cuadrante de 200 x 200 metros en el sector El Recreo, Ambato

Abstract

The study is located in the El Recreo neighborhood of Ambato and focuses on a technical analysis of a defined 200 x 200-meter grid. This area is in a state of critical deterioration, characterized by a complete lack of functional green infrastructure— technically registering a value of zero per inhabitant—and a high rate of soil sealing. Given this scenario, it is crucial to apply sustainability indicators such as urban tree diversity and perceived green space to mitigate the urban heat island effect. The proposed approach argues that introducing green infrastructure into public spaces mitigates the heat island effect, noise, and air quality issues, thereby enhancing livability without compromising the functionality of the existing built environment. The methodological process employs direct observation and graphic synthesis techniques using base mapping, within the framework of ecosystem-based urban planning and the Sustainable Compact Neighborhoods methodology. Variables related to mobility, biodiversity, and urban metabolism were evaluated to design an efficient biotic support network that ensures physical proximity to local basic services. The final proposal implements a vegetation network articulated by pocket parks and native vegetation along roadways, achieving greater diversity in urban tree cover. This physical intervention redesigns the public road network to prioritize pedestrians, reducing noise by five decibels and regulating ambient temperature by twelve degrees Celsius. The comprehensive transformation ensures a resilient urban system focused on community well-being and the proactive restoration of ecosystem services vital to the city.