Juegos cooperativos en las capacidades físicas condicionales en estudiantes de educación general básica superior

Abstract

This research addresses the impact of cooperative games on the development of physical fitness components (endurance, speed, strength, and flexibility) in students of Upper Basic Education at the “Rumiñahui” Educational Unit in the city of Ambato, during the academic period of September 2024 to February 2025. This topic is relevant because it contributes to the physical and social development of students, fostering interpersonal relationships, teamwork, and inclusion within an educational environment. The objective of the study was to determine how cooperative games affect physical fitness components. A quantitative approach was used, with a pre-experimental, longitudinal, and field-based design, applying methods such as analytical-synthetic and the Student's t-test with a significance level of P≤0.05. Initially, the physical fitness levels were assessed using the Eurofit Battery Test, revealing low levels in all components evaluated: endurance (average of 3.34 laps), speed (24.12 seconds), strength (134 cm), and flexibility (12 cm). The implementation of cooperative games as an educational intervention showed significant improvements in physical fitness components. Endurance improved to an average of 5.6 laps (medium level), speed to 19.07 seconds (high level), and strength to 161 cm (high level). Although flexibility remained at a low level, it increased from 12 cm to 18 cm, indicating notable progress. These results support the hypothesis that cooperative games positively influence students' physical development. In addition to physical progress, the research highlights that cooperative games strengthen social skills such as respect, communication, and teamwork. They also foster a culture of active, motivating, and inclusive learning, allowing students to enjoy activities while developing both physical and social competencies. In conclusion, cooperative games are an effective pedagogical tool to enhance physical fitness components and promote holistic education. This approach not only improves students' physical condition but also fosters positive attitudes, inclusion, and meaningful learning, contributing to the comprehensive development of children.