Diseño de una solución ergonómica para las estaciones de costura artesanales de jeans en Pelileo-Tungurahua, basada en el análisis de condiciones de trabajo y requerimientos musculoesqueléticos de las operarias

Abstract

This research develops an ergonomic solution aimed at improving the working conditions of sewing operators in artisanal jeans workshops in Pelileo, a sector characterized by long work shifts, reduced spaces, improvised furniture, and the absence of technical criteria that increase the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Using a mixed-method approach and a field-project modality, the study integrates semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and the RULA method to evaluate posture, repetitiveness, and physical load. Findings reveal frequent trunk flexion, repetitive upper-limb movements, constant elevation of the shoulders, and continuous lumbar bending when picking garments from the floor, generating chronic fatigue and reduced performance. Based on these results, the study defined key ergonomic and anthropometric requirements for redesigning the workstation. The Design Thinking methodology guided the ideation and validation process, leading to the development of a scissor-lift table capable of keeping garment piles at an accessible height, thereby reducing effort and improving functional reach. The prototype was built, tested in a real work environment, and validated by the operators, who reported reduced lumbar fatigue, improved comfort, and better spatial organization. Structural tests confirmed its stability, safety, and ease of use. The study concludes that the proposed solution effectively addresses the identified ergonomic issues, demonstrating that industrial design applied to artisanal contexts can reduce physical risks, optimize workflows, and enhance the well-being of textile workers in Pelileo.