Evaluación del potencial biotecnológico de la cáscara de plátano verde (Musa spp.) como sustrato alternativo para el cultivo de hongos comestibles y medicinales melena de león (Hericium erinaceus) y cola de pavo (Trametes versicolor)

Abstract

The utilization of agro-industrial waste has become a necessity due to the environmental impact of its accumulation and improper disposal. Among these materials, green banana peel (Musa spp.) stands out for its lignocellulosic compound content, which could be used as raw material in various biotechnological processes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its potential as an alternative substrate for cultivating the fungi Hericium erinaceus (lion's mane) and Trametes versicolor (turkey tail). To this end, substrates were formulated with different proportions of green banana peel and sawdust. These substrates were characterized, conditioned, and subsequently inoculated with mycelium of both species. Throughout the experiment, fungal growth was monitored by evaluating the rate and percentage of colonization, as well as the adaptability of each fungus to the different formulations studied. The results obtained demonstrated that green banana peel can be used as a substrate component for the growth of both species, although differences in colonization behavior were observed depending on the proportion used and the species evaluated. These responses were related to the characteristics of each fungus and the composition of the lignocellulosic material used. In general, the treatments evaluated confirmed that this agro-industrial waste has favorable characteristics for use in fungal cultivation processes.