Diseño de una máquina modular de secado híbrido para la deshidratación de cacao en pequeñas fincas

Abstract

The main objective of this thesis is to design a modular hybrid drying machine aimed at the dehydration of cocoa on small farms, with the purpose of optimizing the post-harvest process and improving the quality of the final product. The study analyzed the technical and productive needs of farmers, especially those at Finca Valdez in Quinindé, Ecuador. The research addresses both the theoretical aspects related to cocoa drying processes and a practical analysis based on the rural context, ensuring that the final design is functional, efficient, and adaptable to real operating conditions. Through a mixed-methods approach, optimal drying parameters were identified, and interviews and direct observations with producers were conducted. The results showed that traditional drying methods present significant limitations in terms of time, grain quality, and climate dependence, all of which negatively affect the final product. Furthermore, the study revealed a lack of drying alternatives suitable for small-scale production and with limited access to renewable energy sources. The proposed design is based on a modular and hybrid model that combines the use of solar energy with an auxiliary electric system to ensure continuous operation. The use of accessible and durable materials was prioritized, considering energy efficiency and ease of maintenance. The design is intended to be replicable or scalable according to the specific needs of each farm, contributing to a sustainable, accessible solution focused on local agro-productive development.