Aplicación de arquitectura vernácula en el diseño de un anteproyecto de un conjunto habitacional para adultos mayores en la parroquia Pilahuín, Tungurahua

Abstract

This research develops the application of vernacular architecture in the design of a preliminary housing complex for older adults in the parish of Pilahuín, Tungurahua. The study addresses the problem of population aging, youth migration and the lack of permanent, accessible and safe residential models for this age group. It also recognizes the progressive loss of local vernacular architecture and the need to recover its constructive, spatial and climatic principles as a response to the rural Andean context. The main objective was to design a housing proposal that integrates universal accessibility, geronto-architecture, Senior Cohousing and vernacular architecture criteria, in order to strengthen autonomy, safety, thermal comfort and the sense of belonging of older adults. The methodology followed a qualitative approach, with a documentary-bibliographic and field-based modality, through theoretical and regulatory review, interviews, site observation, photographic records and analysis of the vernacular characteristics of Pilahuín. As a result, design guidelines were established based on short routes, transition spaces, community areas, courtyards, portals, sloped roofs, eaves, raised foundations and the reinterpretation of local materials. The proposal is organized through compact housing modules, a communal house and an administrative and comprehensive care area, articulating private, collective and support spaces. It is concluded that the preliminary project responds to a real social and architectural need by proposing a dignified, accessible and community-oriented housing model that is coherent with Andean cultural memory.