Evaluación de la capacidad fitorremediadora del Eichhornia crassipes y Salvinia natans en aguas residuales de la PTAR Artezón -Píllaro

Abstract

This study examines water pollution exacerbated by industrial and urban discharges, affecting the quality of water essential for agricultural irrigation and health. Therefore, the phytoremediation capacity of the species S. natans and E. crassipes in the wastewater of the Artezón Píllaro WWTP was evaluated. During the acclimatization process, both plants demonstrated their suitability for phytoremediation, achieving a reduction in COD with S. natans and E. crassipes. Treatments with different masses were applied: for E. crassipes, M1 0-500 g, M2 501-700 g, and M3 (701-800 g); and for S. natans, M1 (0-400 g), M2 (401-800 g), and M3 (801-900 g). Physicochemical and microbiological parameter analyses were performed at intervals of 0, 7, 15, 30, and 45 days, following the protocols of the Hanna manual and the Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The results showed that both plants reduce the levels of organic pollutants and heavy metals in the wastewater, varying according to the mass used and the type of plant. For E. crassipes, the M1 treatment showed high removal percentages in surfactants, total solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, COD, BOD, turbidity, color, chromium VI, copper, aluminum, total nitrogen, fecal coliforms, and total phosphorus. On the other hand, S. natans with the M3 treatment also showed efficient removal percentages in surfactants, total solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, COD, BOD, turbidity, color, chromium VI, copper, aluminum, total nitrogen, fecal coliforms, and total phosphorus.