Terapia de presión negativa como coadyuvante en injertos cutáneos de espesor total en perros (Canis lupus familiaris): Revisión Bibliográfica

Abstract

Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has gained relevance in veterinary reconstructive surgery as a supportive approach for full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. The present study consisted ofa structured literature review conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Risk of bias assessment was independently performed considering parameters such as negative pressure levels, type of device used, graft integration, and postoperative outcomes. Clinical findings were comparatively analyzed based on tissue integration rates, granulation tissue formation, and pressure ranges applied. Studies conducted in humans or other animal species, wounds unrelated to canine skin grafts, and non-scientific documents such as editorials or conference abstracts were excluded. After the selection process, 32 studies were considered eligible for qualitative and bibliometric analysis. The collected evidence demonstrates a progressive evolution of NPWT, from highly cited pioneering investigations to more recent studies focused on technological optimization and cost reduction. Several authors agree that NPWT promotes biological processes such as plasmatic imbibition, vascular inosculation, and neovascularization, while also reducing edema, seroma formation, and graft displacement. Although variability exists among devices and therapeutic protocols, the —100 to —125 mmHg range remains the most frequently applied clinical parameter. Overall, NPWT represents an effective tool for improving survival and integration of full-thickness skin grafts in dogs. These findings support its clinical application in complex veterinary reconstructive procedures.