Evaluación de tipos de anillados y despunte en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus), en la producción de brotes laterales

Abstract

The blackberries’ cultivation (Rubus glaucus) in Ecuador has a significant impact for the economy, nutrition, agricultural diversification, favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of blackberries in several regions, the quality of Ecuadorian blackberries has contributed to its recognition in international markets. Through the girdling practicing the main aim is removing a portion of bark around the stem of a branch to interrupt the flow of processed sap and hormones towards the root system, this leads to an increase in new shoots, fruit set with a greater volume. Meanwhile, the pruning consists of removing the apical buds from the branches of the plant. This practice is used to control growth and encourage more abundant lateral branching. The hypothesis raised was that at least one of the girdling treatments will have a positive effect on girdling on blackberries. The experimental design used was random blocks in a 2 x 3 + 1 factorial arrangement with three repetitions. The study factors used were types of ringing; A1 (annular incision), A2 (strangulation) and blunting; D1 (5 cm from the apex), D2 (10 cm from the apex), D3 (15 cm from the apex). The data were analyzed using the Tukey test (p < 0.05) to compare the averages. The treatments were applied according to the treatments, this activity was carried out only once. For data collection, it was collected from two plants of each treatment applied, the results obtained in the variable number of sprouted buds there is no statistical difference with a p-value 0.1015. In the diameter of the stem at 80 days, it could be observed that the best treatment was A1D1 (Girding 0.5 cm – pruning 5 cm from the apex) with an average of 1.30 mm diameter in the stem while A2D3 (Strangulation – pruning 15 cm from the apex) showed an average of 0.6 mm, becoming the smallest of all treatments. In the variable length of the shoot, the best treatment was A2D2 (Strangulation – pruning 10 cm from the apex) with an average of 47 cm and the control has an average of 3.83 cm, occupying the last place. In the shoot diameter variable, no statistical differences were found, obtaining a p-value of 0.1473. In the variable shoot diameter, the control (T) obtained first place with an average of 0.74 mm and in the days of appearance of the floral bud we did not find statistical differences having a p-value of 0.6247.