Enfoque actual en el diagnóstico y tratamiento del embarazo heterotópico por concepción espontánea

Abstract

Heterotopic pregnancy (HE) constitutes a rare clinical condition, characterized by the concurrence of two simultaneous pregnancies: a normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and an ectopic pregnancy (EP) of extrauterine location. Despite being rare, it is a potentially risky clinical condition in terms of maternal-fetal well-being. Objective: To carry out a review of the literature available worldwide on spontaneous heterotopic pregnancy with an updated diagnostic and therapeutic approach, highlighting the importance of recognizing risk factors and signs suggestive of a heterotopic pregnancy, in addition to early diagnosis through complementary studies. Methodology: This article will be carried out through a systematic analysis and review through the search of scientific articles in different medical-scientific databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, The New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of International Medical Research, Scielo, Uptodate, Scopus, Springer, Dialnet, British Medical Journal (BMJ). Literature reviews, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews were included. Conclusions: Heterotopic pregnancy is more common in patients who use assisted reproduction techniques. The high index of suspicion will help for prompt diagnosis and timely and effective intervention. Transvaginal ultrasound with color Doppler is very useful for diagnosis and the best management for a heterotopic pregnancy is laparotomy to resolve the extrauterine pregnancy.