Caracterización de Rhizobium spp. a partir de chocho (Lupinus spp.) en cuatro localidades del cantón Latacunga

Abstract

The contamination from synthetic nitrogen fertilizers has become a problem affecting the ecosystem worldwide due to excessive use. The search for biotechnological alternatives such as the study of microorganisms that contribute to nitrogen fixation has become more relevant. Rhizobium spp. is responsible for nitrogen fixation in legumes, such as Lupinus spp., bioprospection of this bacterium is fundamental to alleviate the pollution from synthetic fertilizers. This study focused on characterizing Rhizobium spp. from chocho (Lupinus spp.) in four locations in the Latacunga canton. 32 samples were collected from the locations and 64 strains were isolated, according to phenotypic characterization and biochemical tests including catalase, methyl red, citrate, among others, and an authentication test (YMA + PB) where it was determined that 100 percent of the isolates correspond to said genus. Its genetic variability was demonstrated by PCR Fingerprinting in which 32 of the isolates in composite samples (16) were analyzed, where 13 isolates present a genetic variability of 55 percent with heterogeneity, belonging to the 4 locations, 2 present a genetic similarity of 93 percent with homogeneity corresponding to locations 2 and 4 (Mulalo and Poalo), and a unique isolate from the Ignacio Flores location. Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the isolates can belong to the genus Rhizobium spp. with high genetic variation.