Evaluación fisicoquímica y cinética de producción de biomasa de dos tipos de levaduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Saccharomyces bayanus en la fermentación alcohólica de una bebida a base de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) y cidra (Sechium edule)

Abstract

Alcoholic drinks made from fruit have become popular in recent years. The purpose of this work is to identify the optimal formulation both in alcoholic yield and in biomass production of two types of yeast S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus. 12 treatments were prepared at three concentrations of cidra and tangerine juices (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) for each of the yeasts. During the fermentative stage, the treatments were monitored for pH, acidity, Brix degrees and cells per milliliter. At the end of the fermentation the percentage of ethanol was obtained. The results of the fermentation indicated that the treatments A0B0R2 and A0B0R1 obtained 9 and 10 percent alcoholic strength respectively, in volatile acidity the A2B1R1 treatment was the only one that exceeded the maximum permissible limit according to the INEN 374 standard with a value of 2.52 g. Acetic acid per Liter. The methanol determination showed that the A0B0R1 and A1B0R2 treatments were negative while the A0B0R2 and A1B0R1 samples were positive for methanol. When comparing the biomass kinetics, it was determined that S. bayanus has a higher biomass production, faster cell growth rate and shorter generation time, while S. cerevisiae produced a higher percentage of ethanol in the combination of 75:25 cidra- tangerine. Therefore, in this study it was determined that the best treatment to produce an alcoholic beverage based on citron and tangerine is A0B0R1, as it has a percentage of ethanol of 10 percent.