Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un extracto alcohólico de hierba mora (Solanum nigrum) frente a oídio (Oidium sp.) y fusarium (Fusarium sp.)

Abstract

The alcoholic extract of blackberry herb was prepared by the maceration method using 70 percent ethanol as solvent. Two solutions were prepared with distilled water to obtain three treatments with concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 percent of extract, considering the extract obtained with the 100 percent concentration. The fungi were collected from rose leaves and allelis stems, and sown in petri dishes with PDA medium at 25 degrees Celsius. The antifungal activity of the extract was evaluated by disk diffusion and the diameter of the inhibition halo was measured at 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours of incubation of the inocula; in addition, 3 replicates of the conidia count at 144 hours were carried out to elaborate a completely randomized block design in which the concentration of conidia per milliliter was recorded as the variable of interest. The extract had no effect on powdery mildew since no inhibition halo was generated in the treatments prepared with the extract, and the concentration of conidia per milliliter was higher than that of the positive control treatment. As for fusarium, the treatment with 100 percent extract concentration showed the greatest inhibition halo at 48 hours, but the concentration of conidia per milliliter evaluated with extract had a higher average value than the positive control treatment, demonstrating that the extract has antifungal activity in a short period of time.