Externalidad negativa en el transporte urbano de Ambato por emisiones de ruido

Abstract

A study of economic losses caused by the ambient noise generated by urban buses that circulate in the 5 platforms of the city of Ambato was carried out. The equivalent sound pressure level (NPSE) was determined, according to ISO 1996-2: 2007 considering a period of 15 weeks from 12:00 - 13:00h under environmental conditions of temperature of 17 Celsius degrees, humidity 59 percent and atmospheric pressure of 1 atm, using an integrating, averaging type I sound level meter. For the calculation of the noise affectation, the econometric models that estimate the willingness to pay (DAP), Costs for medical expenses and the assessment of fatalities established in INFRAS for IWW, 2004 were considered. In the 156 points distributed in an area of 1200 km2 NPSE values were recorded between 58.8 dB, and 75.3 dB. 90.38 percent of the measurement points exceeded the limit established according to the Unified Text of the Secondary Legislation of the Ministry of Environment (TULSMA) of 65 dB. The total cost of noise was valued at 1,081,433.84 dollars per year, which compared to similar jobs (Euskadi- Spain) has a low value considering urban transport as the only source of pollution.