Caracterización funcional del almidón de dos genotipos de oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina) cultivadas con dos aplicaciones de fertilizantes nitrogenados y fosfatados

Abstract

The oca (Oxalis tuberosa) is an Andean tuber that is part of the diet of the Andean communities due to its high energy content (carbohydrates), although it has great importance no relevant information on the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus on the quality of the tubers. In this research work the effect of the application of nitrogen and phosphorus (00-00, 120-240 and 80-160) on the yield of tubers (kg/m2) and starch (g/m2) in two genotypes was evaluated of goose (red and white), in addition to its influence on the functional properties of starch such as: absorption capacity (CA), swelling power (PH), solubility (S), clarity (C), turbidity (T) and syneresis. The best results were observed with the application of N and P in doses of 120-240, with which the highest yield of tubers and starch, 5.58 kg / m2, was obtained; 428.31 g/m2, in the red genotype and 3.76 kg/m2; 242.27 g/m2 in the white genotype. However, the functional properties of starch were positively affected with the NP 80-160 application, with CA (28.29 g/g), PH (44.20 g/g), S (36%) at 70°C, T (0.09-1.83) and C (68.14-27.86%) between 0 and 96 hours, ambient syneresis (1.27-14.17%), refrigeration (2.58-17.08%) and freezing (56.42-56.42%) between the 1st and 5th day in the red genotype, while in the white genotype these values were: CA (37.51 g/g), PH (58 , 56 g/g), S (35.93%) at 80°C, T (0.12-1.82) and C (51.04-18.99%) between 0 and 96 hours, ambient syneresis (0.73-9.03%), refrigeration (0.74-11.52%) and freezing (36.95-50.64%) between the 1st and 5th day. According to the results, fertilization improves the functional properties of starch in a way that would allow its inclusion in the food industry.