Aplicación de mulch, Bacillus sp. Y Trichoderma spp. para el control de mildiu velloso (Bremia lactucae) en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)

Abstract

The research was done in Izamba parish of Ambato canton, Tungurahua province; with 2 500 altitude. The geographic coordinates are: 01 13 '04" south latitude and 78 35' 20" West longitude, with the purpose of: evaluating the effect of 1Trichoderma spp. more mulch and Bacillus sp. more mulch, for the control of downy 2mildew (Bremia lactucae), in lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Vilmorin variety. The treatments were six. The completely randomized block design was used in factorial arrangement of 2 x 2 + 2 controls. We performed the analysis of variance, Tukey significance tests at 5% and Significant Difference tests 5%. The economic analysis was carried out using the methodology of the benefit/cost relationship. The application of Trichoderma spp + mulch reached the best results, with a lower percentage of incidence at 15 days (3,25%), at 30 days (4,25%) and at 45 days (5,50%). Lower percentage of severity at 15 days (up to 10% of affectation), as at 30 days (up to 10% of affectation) and at 45 days (up to 10% of affectation), decreasing the time at harvest (60,00 Days) and reaching the highest yields (69,30 kg/treatment). Also applying the products at the time of transplantation and at 15 days after transplantation was the frequency with the best results reported, with the lowest incidence rate at 15 days (3,00%) and at 30 days (4,50 %) and at 45 days (6,25%). Likewise, these treatments had the lowest percentage of severity at 15 days (up to 10% of affectation) and at 30 days (13,8% of affectation). Days were shortened to harvest (61,00 days); obtaining higher yields (68,53 kg/plot). From the economic analysis, it was concluded that the treatment P1F2 (Trichoderma spp + mulch, at the time of transplantation and 15 days after transplantation), reached the highest cost benefit ratio of 0,64. Key words: Trichoderma spp, Bremia lactucae, Bacillus sp, Lettuce,