Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto De Investigación Aprobado Mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Pérez Pilco, Madeline Solange
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Andrade Meneses, Víctor Andrés
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
Simulación computacional del tratamiento de lixiviados del relleno sanitario de Ambato mediante un filtro aeróbico y anaeróbico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09)
Falcón Quinchiguango, Jhoana Elizabeth
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The leachate is the product of the harvest of solid waste buried in landfills, being highly contaminated, they require treatment before being discharged into the natural environment. The leachate treatment plant in Ambato, on which this study focuses, uses biological methods based on anaerobic and aerobic processes, specifically the UASB reactor and the trickling filter. This research seeks to model and simulate these processes using the COMSOL MULTHYPHYSICS version 5.4 software, applying Darcy's law and physics that describe the behavior of the flow, the transport of species, biological reactions through specific parameters, coefficients and constants to reach a model. the closest to reality. The results obtained through the simulations were compared with the experimental data, achieving a removal of around 60 percent of BOD and COD, an increase in ammonium and phosphate nutrients, and a decrease of more than 90 percent in heavy metals. similar to the real UASB reactor. In the trickling filter, the removal of organic matter has a significant difference since removal percentages higher than 40 are obtained and in practice it does not exceed 9 percent, the same happens with those of nutrients since less than 10 percent is eliminated, the case of heavy metals the opposite occurs since it is reduced even in its entirety. According to the analysis carried out, the importance of the simulation is verified since it can warn of factors or conditions that are affected by the current process.
Revisión y análisis de bibliografía actualizada sobre el tratamiento anaeróbico de lixiviados de rellenos sanitarios municipales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09)
Mesías Shulca, Doménica Selena
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
Sanitary landfills are used as the final disposal of the world's population waste, however, the problem that arises is the appearance of leachates due to the transfer of water through solid waste containing a high organic load, concentration of ammonium and other heavy metals generating a great environmental impact. Therefore, the anaerobic biological treatments present good results for the removal of contaminants in the leachate due to their systems with simple operation and low cost. So, an extensive study of technologies is necessary in order to determine the best way to treat it. This article studies through a bibliographic review the anaerobic biological treatments of leachates from landfills such as anaerobic reactors of biosolids in suspension, biofilm reactors (UASB reactor) and landfill bioreactors, through a comparative analysis current information is provided, opening the way to future research. With the review it was concluded that anaerobic biological treatments have a great advantage due to their low cost compared to other methods, with good results on a large scale with the upflow anaerobic reactor to treat leachates, with efficient percentages of COD and BOD removal in Based on operating experiences of different treatment plants, however, it does not remove the high ammonia nitrogen content of mature leachates, being a good proposal to combine the anammox system with the UASB bioreactor due to its easy operation, obtaining high removal of organic matter and nitrogen. ammonia.
Cuantificación de metales pesados de muestras de lixiviado provenientes de residuos sólidos urbanos del relleno sanitario del cantón Baños de Agua Santa
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-06)
Guevara Naranjo, Grace Valeria
;
Alvarez Calvache, Fernando Cayetano
In Baños de Agua Santa the solid waste management had an open-air dump in which there was no recycling, a serious environmental contamination, that is why by the end of 2017 the municipality sought alternatives that significantly improved the fate of garbage, going from having a dump without a technical management of waste and in the open, to a landfill with emerging cells, leachate management and technical closure; since then, no physical-chemical analysis was carried out to verify its operation. Therefore, the present work of Titulación carried out some analyzes to determine its operation. The heavy metals were quantified from leachate samples; in which 3 samples were collected with 1 replicate each, for three months, one day per month each, giving a total of 18 intakes, the intakes were made in well 1 settler, well 2 inlet to artificial wetland and well 3 final discharge that would be after the leachate treatment and before being discharged into the creek adjacent to the sanitary landfill. Physical chemical analyzes were performed such as pH, conductivity, COD, BOD_5, temperature, total solids, zinc, copper, arsenic and mercury determination. Verify the results obtained comply with the maximum permissible range established by the Environmental Quality standard for discharge of effluent to the water resource.
Determinación del nivel de riesgo biológico en el aire del relleno sanitario del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Riobamba (GADM Riobamba)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07)
Navarrete Marcial, Gabriel Josué
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The level of biological risk in the air of the Landfill of the Riobamba Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GADM Riobamba) was determined. The sampling was realized during 20 days, from Monday to Friday in two schedules: 10:00 and 15:00, and in the two areas of the Sanitary Landfill: hospital waste area and common waste area. The air was taken with syringes of 20 cubic centimeters and it was deposited in infusion brain- heart, 50 aspirations were made for each sample. These samples were incubated at 37 Celsius degrees during 48 hours to obtain optimal growth of the bacterias, which was planted in two different culture media, being Triptein Soya Agar and MacConkey Agar, where bacterial growth was evaluated obtaining 103 colonies morphologically different. Trough IMViC biochemical tests, pathogenic gramnegative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) and grampositive bacteria that cause multiple infections and diseases in humans due to contact with them. We found 12 different genera of bacteria isolated from the culture media: Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Hafnia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Providencia, many of them are causative of gastrointestinal diseases to humans considering the work place damage in which there is many these kind of bacteria.
Determinación del nivel de riesgo biológico en el aire del relleno sanitario del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal de Riobamba (GADM Riobamba)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07)
Campaña Robayo, Bélgica Susana
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The level of biological risk in the air of the Landfill of the Riobamba Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GADM Riobamba) was determined. The sampling was realized during 20 days, from Monday to Friday in two schedules: 10:00 and 15:00, and in the two areas of the Sanitary Landfill: hospital waste area and common waste area. The air was taken with syringes of 20 cubic centimeters and it was deposited in infusion brain- heart, 50 aspirations were made for each sample. These samples were incubated at 37 Celsius degrees during 48 hours to obtain optimal growth of the bacterias, which was planted in two different culture media, being Triptein Soya Agar and MacConkey Agar, where bacterial growth was evaluated obtaining 103 colonies morphologically different. Trough IMViC biochemical tests, pathogenic gramnegative bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae (enterobacteria) and grampositive bacteria that cause multiple infections and diseases in humans due to contact with them. We found 12 different genera of bacteria isolated from the culture media: Shigella, Enterococcus, Enterobacter, Pantoea, Hafnia, Salmonella, Citrobacter, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus and Providencia, many of them are causative of gastrointestinal diseases to humans considering the work place damage in which there is many these kind of bacteria.
Estudio de la contaminación por la presencia de partículas biológicas aerotransportables en el relleno sanitario de la Mancomunidad GIDS Pujilí - Saquisilí
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-12)
Flores Silva, Valeria Estefanía
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The aim of research was to study Study of pollution by the presence of airborne biological particles from the landfill the Commonwealth of GIDS Pujilí-Saquisilí. The sampling taked place in two points, at different times (09h00 and 12h00) and during 10 working days, in situ was registered conditions of temperature and relative humidity. Through air inoculation in the Brain Heart Infusion medium, the microbial concentration in UFC/ml was determined, the analysis showed that concentrations were below the level allowed by International proposals, it attributing the higher concentration to the treatments; a1b1c5 with a value of 22.08 UFC/ml at 17 Celsius degrees and 56 percent RH in the commons waste area and a1b2c2 with a value of 22.32 UFC/ml at 18 Celsius degrees and 52 percent RH in the hospital waste area. From the 40 samples of air taken, 64 bacteria were isolated. That with IMVIC biochemical tests were identified, this analysis showed species with enteric characteristics, such as: Enterococcus faecalis or Shigella flexneri, Salmonella or Citrobacter freundii, Pantoea agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae type II, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae or Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter Koseri and Klebsiella oxytoca, Moreover, the biological risk to which the workers of the filling were exposed was evalued, this evaluation was based on Royal Decree 664/1997. It was established that air of the landfill is composed of biological agents belonging to groups 2 and 3. This study shows that exists moderate pollution in the facilities
Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de un laboratorio de análisis de lixiviados de la Empresa Pública Municipal Gestión Integral de Desechos Sólidos de Ambato (EPM-GIDSA)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-09)
Mera Tapia, Jéssica Carolina
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
In the landfill is given the final process of the litter, its degradation produces a toxic liquid called Leachates, it is treated to be discharged and depending on the quality of the liquid, it can generate pollution in the Culapachán river, that is the reason why it has to be controlled and tested in order to check if the liquid gets the allowed limits, taking into account the rules of discharging liquids according to the TULAS. This investigation concluded with the idea of creating a laboratory where the Leached could be studied to control the liquid quality through technical and economic studies. In the technical study, the investigation was based on physical and chemical statements to start a deep analysis of the quality of liquids. From this investigation, the material, the equipment, the lab material and the necessary reagents. In addition, the structural design and basic lab services was created. In the economic research, the results provided financial rates that allowed to accept and reject the project, the Net present value (VAN) of dollars the Indoernal rate of return (VAN) of dollars 30.778,50, the Internal rate of return (TIR) del 35,73 percet, the Cost benefit relation of 1,18, the Period of Recuperation in the Investment of 2 years and 4 months and a rentability of 43,15 percent of the project. The results of the financial rates show that the implementation of a lab to analyze Leachates in the EPM- GIDSA is achievable and it will generate economical savings, at the moment of working by itself, trying not to hire external labs.
Desarrollo de instructivos de Seguridad e Higiene Industrial a partir del análisis aerobiológico del relleno sanitario de la Empresa Pública Municipal Gestión Integral de Desechos Sólidos del cantón Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05)
Vásconez Hurtado, Ingrid Nicole
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
The aerobiological study was made in the Sanitary Landfill of Salcedo’s city, which process consisted of taking the air with sterile syringes of 20 cm3 and injecting it into 10 ml of Brain-heart infusion medium to incubate the microorganisms at 37°C. The objective was study the proliferation of microorganisms within the human organism, this study was carried out in the solid waste disposal area and the hospital waste area, where the presence of pathogenic microorganisms which may be responsible for infections in the worker was evaluated. To determine the biological risk was taken as reference the Royal Decree 664/1997 which establishes the microorganism’s classification according to their infectious capacity. In this research was found a couple of dangerous bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi, which belong to the third group of this classification, indicating that these microorganisms are capable to produce serious pathologies and are therefore a serious risk to the worker's health and a possibility of spreading into the community. Due to the present risk in the evaluated area, a biosecurity instructive and an instructive about the use of PPE (personal protection equipment) and occupational hygiene were made, which mitigate the risk due to exposure to Salcedo Municipal GAD workers.

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