Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Uso de suelos supresivos como tratamiento biológico para controlar la infección de Mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
    Tapia Chicaiza Dayana Abigail
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
    Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation faces a significant threat from downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.), a disease capable of reducing yields by up to ninety percent, which represents a serious obstacle to food security in high-altitude regions. To address this issue, the use of suppressive soils as a biological treatment was proposed, offering an ecological and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fungicides. The research was conducted through a comparative analysis between suppressive and conducive soils, evaluating their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, including metagenomic analysis to identify the present microbial diversity. A bio-input was developed from the suppressive soil and evaluated through in vitro tests to determine its biocontrol capacity against P. variabilis and later validated under greenhouse conditions through inoculation in quinoa plants. The results revealed that the suppressive soil exhibited a slightly more acidic pH, higher organic matter content, and significantly greater beneficial microbial diversity, conditions that favor the establishment of antagonistic microorganisms. The formulated bio-input completely inhibited the pathogen's growth in laboratory conditions, and in greenhouse trials, the treated plants achieved one hundred percent survival, in contrast with the high mortality observed in the control groups. This confirmed that the use of suppressive soils and derived bio-inputs, supported by microbiological analysis with a metagenomic approach, represents an effective, sustainable strategy aligned with the principles of ecological agriculture for the control of downy mildew in quinoa.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Uso de suelos supresivos como tratamiento biológico para controlar la infección de Mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
    Narvaez Quilligana Leslie Nicole
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
    BIOTECNOLOGÍA AGRÍCOLA, FITOPATOLOGÍA, SUELOS SUPRESIVOS, CONTROL BIOLÓGICO, ACTIVIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA, BIOINSUMOS, MILDIU, QUINUA, PERONOSPORA VARIABILIS Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivation faces a significant threat from downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.), a disease capable of reducing yields by up to ninety percent, which represents a serious obstacle to food security in high-altitude regions. To address this issue, the use of suppressive soils as a biological treatment was proposed, offering an ecological and cost-effective alternative to synthetic fungicides. The research was conducted through a comparative analysis between suppressive and conducive soils, evaluating their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics, including metagenomic analysis to identify the present microbial diversity. A bio-input was developed from the suppressive soil and evaluated through in vitro tests to determine its biocontrol capacity against P. variabilis and later validated under greenhouse conditions through inoculation in quinoa plants. The results revealed that the suppressive soil exhibited a slightly more acidic pH, higher organic matter content, and significantly greater beneficial microbial diversity, conditions that favor the establishment of antagonistic microorganisms. The formulated bio-input completely inhibited the pathogen's growth in laboratory conditions, and in greenhouse trials, the treated plants achieved one hundred percent survival, in contrast with the high mortality observed in the control groups. This confirmed that the use of suppressive soils and derived bio-inputs, supported by microbiological analysis with a metagenomic approach, represents an effective, sustainable strategy aligned with the principles of ecological agriculture for the control of downy mildew in quinoa.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
    Orozco Burbano, Erika Tatiana
    ;
    Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
    Bacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Bioprospección de bacteriófagos líticos contra bacterias patógenas causantes de marchitez bacteriana en cultivos selectos de tomate riñón en Tungurahua. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2023-0294-R.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
    Altamirano Chérrez, Edgar Ricardo
    ;
    Calero Cáceres William Ricardo
    Bacterial wilt is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide, caused by the presence of pathogenic bacteria in soil and plants. It mainly affects the Solanaceae family, including tomato crops, causing large economic losses due to the destruction of crops. In this study, bacteria present in crops with bacterial wilt symptoms of tomato crops in Tungurahua were isolated, identified and characterized. Biochemical and morphological tests were performed to rule out strains of no interest in the study. A MALDI-ToF analysis was then performed in order to identify the pathogen strains causing the disease. K. cowanii and C. flaccumfaciens were found to be the main plant pathogenic bacteria in the area. Additionally, 20 bacteriophages present in soil samples with different types of morphology were isolated and purified, only against K. cowanii, due to the absence of bacteriophages for C. flaccumfaciens. By performing the drop test with different bacterial hosts, it was shown that the isolated bacteriophages have a high specific lytic capacity for K. cowanii and do not present any risk against beneficial bacteria. Bioprospecting of the bacteriophages found suggests their use as a potential biological control agent against important phytopathogenic diseases such as bacterial wilt. The results obtained highlight the use of bacteriophages as a sustainable alternative benefiting the agricultural systems of the province of Tungurahua.