Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Evaluación del efecto de productos enzimáticos en la producción de biogás y las propiedades del lixiviado en vertederos biorreactores destinados a la degradación de materia orgánica residual
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Sarabia Tutin Renan Saúl
;
Peñafiel Ayala Rodny David
The environmental issue linked to the inadequate accumulation of biodegradable waste, combined with the growing need for sustainable energy sources, served as the primary motivation for developing a technological alternative that integrates waste treatment with renewable energy generation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic products on biogas production and the characteristics of leachate in bioreactor landfills intended for the anaerobic degradation of residual organic matter. The methodology involved operating three bioreactors: a control unit, a treatment unit, and a treatment replicate. Each was filled with layers of gravel, compost, green waste, and centrifuged sludge. The systems underwent a two-week stabilization phase. In the third week, basal medium was added, which facilitated the generation of leachate and nutrient migration. The treatment with commercial enzymatic products was initiated in the seventh week and continued until week twelve. Prior to the addition of the enzymatic products, the specific methanogenic activity of the three products Biomog, Efibact, and EM-1, was determined. Leachate characterization began in the fourth week, as its appearance was only observed after the addition of the basal medium. In conclusion, the bioreactor systems demonstrated efficiency in biogas production and organic matter degradation, and the enzymatic treatment had a positive effect. However, the leachate properties did not meet expectations due to the short operational period of the systems.
Determinación del efecto de productos enzimáticos en el tratamiento de lodos PTAR Ambato y residuos verdes para la producción de biogás a escala de laboratorio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
Analuisa Morales Alex Javier
;
Peñafiel Ayala Rodny David
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) generate large quantities of sludge daily, the management of which represents one of the greatest challenges due to its constant accumulation. At the same time, the increase in green waste has intensified greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane, by hindering its natural decomposition. In this context, anaerobic digestion (AD) is proposed as a sustainable alternative for valorizing waste through energy recovery in the form of biogas. Furthermore, the use of enzymatic products can accelerate biogas generation, thereby contributing to greater sustainability in the face of this global problem. The research was structured in two phases. In the first, the Specific Methanogenic Activity (SMA) method was applied to select, from among three commercial products, the one with the greatest methane production efficiency. In the second phase, the selected product was applied to four 4L biodigesters, with different feed configurations and enzyme addition. Key physicochemical parameters such as pH, solids, nutrients, and heavy metals were monitored. Methane production was quantified by liquid displacement. The results demonstrated that enzyme addition significantly improved methane generation, influenced by optimal pH, ammonium, temperature, and solids conditions. It is concluded that the use of enzymatic products represents an effective strategy for valorizing organic waste, providing a state-of-the-art biotechnological alternative for optimizing biogas production and digestate quality.
Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto De Investigación Aprobado Mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Pérez Pilco, Madeline Solange
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
Producción de biogás por vertederos biorreactores y biodigestores mediante el tratamiento biológico de lixiviados crudos del relleno sanitario de Ambato. Articulado Al Proyecto de Investigación aprobado mediante Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2024-0027-R
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02)
Andrade Meneses, Víctor Andrés
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The pollution generated by solid waste in Ecuador constitutes a significant environmental problem due to the formation of leachates with high pollutant loads and the emission of toxic gases such as methane, which could be harnessed as biogas. Given the increasing generation of solid waste and the limitations of treatment systems, the objective of this work was to produce biogas through the use of landfill bioreactors and biodigesters as biological treatment systems. The methodology involved operating two treatment systems over 12 weeks: three columns of landfill bioreactors with layers of sand, compost, green waste, centrifuged sludge, and gravel, and four biodigesters of approximately 4 liters each. Controls and replicates were employed in both systems; the controls received basal medium, while the treatments used real leachate. The landfill bioreactors stood out for their higher efficiency in biogas production and contaminant removal, achieving a significant reduction in the COD of the treated leachates. The biodigesters, although with lower performance, demonstrated stable operation. In conclusion, landfill bioreactors represent a more efficient solution for treating leachates and recovering energy, while biodigesters serve as a complementary alternative. This study contributes to the state of the art by validating sustainable technologies that combine waste management with renewable energy generation, providing practical tools to mitigate environmental impacts in Ecuador and other regions facing similar challenges.
Determinación del efecto de Cr6+ y Cd2+ sobre la producción de biogás y las características de lixiviado de vertederos biorreactores para la estabilización de materia orgánica residual
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
Ortega Quiroz, Luis Enrique
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
Bioreactor landfills are an attractive option for municipal solid waste management compared to conventional landfills. It is characterized by the recirculation of the generated leachate, so that the need for leachate treatment is reduced and the rate of biogas generation increases. However, this biogas production can be affected by the concentration of heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium and cadmium, which could have toxic effects on microbiological processes. Three identically started bioreactor landfills were implemented for twelve weeks. They were installed in columns, where successive layers of compost, green waste and sludge from the Ambato wastewater treatment plant were added. The first landfill was used as a control, while the other two were added with hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the ninth week, where a slight stabilization of biogas production occurred. The leachate generated by the columns was collected in a bottom vessel and recirculated to the upper section of the column. The quality of the leachate was analyzed by measuring compounds such as sulphate, sulphide, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, COD, chromium and cadmium. It was concluded that the addition of hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the bioreactor landfill was not toxic to the microorganisms, but it did affect their operation by causing blockage in the recirculation. This indicates that the presence of these metals did not have an impact on the quality of the leachate and biogas generation.
Determinación del efecto de Cr6+ y Cd2+ sobre la producción de biogás y las características de lixiviado de vertederos biorreactores para la estabilización de materia orgánica residual
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-03)
Montiel Sánchez, Gabriela Vanessa
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
Bioreactor landfills are an attractive option for municipal solid waste management compared to conventional landfills. It is characterized by the recirculation of the generated leachate, so that the need for leachate treatment is reduced and the rate of biogas generation increases. However, this biogas production can be affected by the concentration of heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium and cadmium, which could have toxic effects on microbiological processes. Three identically started bioreactor landfills were implemented for twelve weeks. They were installed in columns, where successive layers of compost, green waste and sludge from the Ambato wastewater treatment plant were added. The first landfill was used as a control, while the other two were added with hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the ninth week, where a slight stabilization of biogas production occurred. The leachate generated by the columns was collected in a bottom vessel and recirculated to the upper section of the column. The quality of the leachate was analyzed by measuring compounds such as sulphate, sulphide, phosphate, ammonium, magnesium, COD, chromium and cadmium. It was concluded that the addition of hexavalent chromium and cadmium in the bioreactor landfill was not toxic to the microorganisms, but it did affect their operation by causing blockage in the recirculation. This indicates that the presence of these metals did not have an impact on the quality of the leachate and biogas generation.
Producción de gas metano y caracterización de la calidad del lixiviado proveniente de una biocelda para el manejo de residuos sólidos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
Muñoz Arroba, Marlon Fabricio
;
Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
The disposal of solid waste in conventional landfills generates greenhouse gas emissions, produces leachate, and is characterized by inefficient energy use. An alternative to landfills is the implementation of biocells with leachate recirculation, whose system allows for rapid biodegradation and stabilization of organic matter, as well as a higher rate of methane gas generation, which is utilized for energy production. In this study, the waste stabilization system was implemented by operating three biocells in the laboratory for 12 weeks. Three types of organic waste were incorporated into the biocells: sludge from the Ambato Wastewater Treatment Plant, compost, and green waste. The evolution of the process is monitored by quantifying the generated methane gas and characterizing the leachate. Methane gas production was determined using a biogas collection system through displacement with a NaOH solution, which stabilized from day 21 of operation. The leachate quality was evaluated by determining parameters such as chromium, cadmium, ammonium, phosphate, sulfate, iron, magnesium, COD, and sulfides. The leachate characterization shows a concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen within typical ranges for biocell leachate, with a neutral or slightly basic pH. Additionally, a significant decrease in the concentration of cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, ammonium, iron, magnesium, and sulfides was observed as the biocell operation progressed.
Determinación de tipos de biomasa con potencial energético para la producción de biogás de los residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU) en la ciudad de Salcedo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-05)
Garcés Sánchez, Sonia Estefanía
;
Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
In the preliminary part of the project Estimation of the energetic potential by thermal-physical analysis of urban solid waste (USW) of the city of Salcedo and anaerobic digestion with infrared radiation. A multiple kind of biomass with energetic potential for biogas production from solid urban waste was determined by classifying the USW in this city, the quantification of the percentage contribution of each kind of waste, and the application of the mathematics models for the determination of the generation of flow of biogas. The classification included 9 types of waste, which only 4 were considered as biomass (easy and fast anaerobic degradation), the contribution of the biomass was 63% of the total of the sampled waste (720 kg) during 36 days. The application of the mathematics models was carried out with the projection of weights of the waste from 2015 to 2030. The Ecuadorian model had the best annual average of biogas production flow (〖9,62x10〗^4 m^3) and consequently an energetic value per year of 〖4,86x10〗^5 kWh.
Obtención de biogás en base a mezclas de gallinaza con residuos orgánicos de cerdo y cuy
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2013)
Lozada Jerez, José Alejandro
;
Navas Miño, Gladys Cecilia
En el Ecuador así como en países en vías de desarrollo se ha incrementado la explotación animal de manera industrial, principalmente la avícola, porcicultura y cunicultura, y por ende la producción de deyecciones se da en grandes cantidades, y que si no son tratadas adecuadamente puede causar efectos negativos como la degradación ambiental, proliferación de moscas, transmisión de enfermedades perjudicando la salud humana y animal. Es por eso, diferentes autores sugieren varias opciones para reducir estos impactos negativos, y se han buscado alternativas que sean más rentables e incluso que generen ingresos. Una de estas alternativas es producir biogás a partir de los residuos. El presente trabajo contiene información básica sobre residuos orgánicos en las explotaciones avícolas, efectos de las deyecciones avícolas en el ambiente, además de la industria porcina y sus efectos y de igual manera sobre la cuycultura y sus desechos, así como la forma de convertir éstas en una fuente de energía renovable. El proceso de fermentación anaerobia es un mecanismo sencillo de transformar la gallinaza a un producto utilizable y real para la avicultura, mediante controles básicos de temperatura, pH y proporcionando la humedad necesaria se establecen las condiciones óptimas. Un producto final de calidad, gracias a la fermentación anaerobia en recipientes sencillos considerados biodigestores, produce un resultado confiable al momento de tratar un subproducto de la industria avícola, gracias a un proceso sencillo que durante un tiempo de alrededor de 25 días. Al final del proceso se obtiene biogás que ayudara a producir calor de un desecho que contribuirá con la propia industria a reducir costos y recibir réditos ambientales gracias a que se utiliza ya no un combustible fósil sino energía renovable y menos contaminante.

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