Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización biológica de andamios elaborados con policaprolactona y quitosano mediante lixiviación de microesferas. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante la Resolución: UTA-CONIN-2025-0029-R
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
    Ramos Llagua Wendy Sabrina
    ;
    Núñez Villacís Lorena de los Ángeles
    This research focuses on the development and biological characterization of scaffolds (BS) composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and chitosan (Q), materials widely studied for their biocompatibility and potential in bone tissue engineering. The main objective was to construct scaffolds by combining synthetic and natural biopolymers, evaluating their hemocompatible behavior and their potential for future applications in cell culture. The methodology included the production of BS using solvent molding techniques, with the use of gelatin microspheres as porogenic agents to induce porosity. Their morphology was characterized before and after leaching, revealing an interconnected porous structure, crucial for nutrient transport and cell anchoring. Physicochemical properties and biological tests were evaluated, highlighting the blood coagulation index (BCI) as a relevant parameter for determining interaction with blood components. The BCI results indicated a favorable interaction, with values within the acceptable ranges established by previous studies (e.g., Kim et al., 2007), suggesting that the ABs do not induce excessive thrombogenicity. Furthermore, hemolysis and platelet adhesion assays were performed, supporting the compatibility of the scaffolds with the hematological system. Together, these findings reveal that the PCL-Q scaffolds possess morphological and biological characteristics suitable for future applications in bone regeneration. This study lays the groundwork for further research with cell lines and in vivo studies, consolidating the potential of these biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización biológica de andamios elaborados con nanocelulosa vegetal y quitosano. Articulado al proyecto de investigación aprobado mediante la Resolución Nro. UTA-CONIN-2025-0029-R
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
    Páez Vayas Sebastián Patricio
    ;
    Núñez Villacís Lorena de los Ángeles
    This research focuses on the study of biological scaffolds, which are considered three-dimensional structures that mimic the support of the extracellular matrix, facilitating cell proliferation and adhesion. The main objective was the biological characterization of scaffolds made from plant-derived nanocellulose and chitosan through hemostatic assays. The methodology was experimental, since the hemostatic indices of the proposed scaffolds were previously unknown. Therefore, tests were conducted for the first time, varying the concentration of the polymer solution to determine the optimal formulation for scaffold development as a three-dimensional model for culturing prostate cancer cell lines. The study followed a mixed-methods approach: qualitatively, the scaffolds were evaluated in terms of shape, consistency, and size; quantitatively, six hemostatic tests were conducted—degradation, maximum swelling, coagulation index, hemolysis, red blood cell adhesion, and platelet adhesion. Results showed that scaffolds with higher chitosan concentrations exhibited better structural integrity and more efficient performance in the assays, whereas those with lower concentrations were fragile and displayed suboptimal ranges for use as 3D models in cell culture.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Elaboración de andamios biológicos mediante lixiviación de microesferas para aplicaciones biomédicas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-08)
    Freire Galarza, Melissa Belen
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    Bone defects are one of the main global health problems, and the scarcity of conventional substitutes to treat this deficiency is a clinical disadvantage. Thus, bone tissue engineering (BTE) through the combination of cells, growth factors and scaffolds has emerged as a promising alternative in the regeneration of functional tissues. In this study, chitosan and polycaprolactone (PCL) biological scaffolds (ABs) were prepared by leaching gelatin microspheres at different concentrations of 25, 50 and 75 percent in order to evaluate their impact on morphological, mechanical and biological properties. Macroporous and microporous scaffolds (90 to 600 micrometers) were obtained, the scaffolds with a higher concentration of microspheres presented a porosity of 85.29 percent, proving to be more favorable on the other properties of the ABs, with a water vapor transmission rate of 117. 18 grams per square meter per-24 hours, a water absorption capacity of 249.02 percent and a biodegradability of 31.09 and 54.41 percent in simulated body fluid (SBF), and blood plasma respectively, differing only in mechanical properties with a modulus of elasticity of 386.70 kilopascals, which indicated a lower stiffness of the material. The resulting ABs demonstrated suitable properties that can be applied in ITO, depending on the characteristics, scaffolds with higher porosity for spongy bones and rapid cell integration, and scaffolds with lower porosity for dense bones requiring higher mechanical strength.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Extracción de nanocelulosa vegetal a partir de residuos de banano (Musa paradisiaca) y su aplicación en andamios biológicos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
    Núñez Martínez, Kimberlyn Carolina
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    The wound healing process is highly complex and alterations in its pathway can cause severe scenarios with high economic cost. Tissue Engineering (TE) combines cells, scaffolds, and growth factors to give rise to new tissue. Scaffolds function as a support for cell growth and are fabricated with synthetic or natural biopolymers. Nanocellulose is a natural polymer that can be obtained from renewable sources, such as banana waste. This study focused on the extraction of nanocellulose from banana waste and its subsequent application in the fabrication of biological scaffolds for future research in the healing of chronic wounds. Banana nanocellulose was extracted by hydrolysis with sulfuric acid and ultrasound. Its morphology was evaluated by inverted light microscopy and SEM. In addition, the main functional groups present in nanocellulose were analyzed by FTIR. Subsequently, nanocellulose, chitosan, and nanocellulose whit chitosan scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying in order to evaluate the characteristics of nanocellulose versus other biopolymers. Scaffolds were then evaluated by SEM, porosity tests, water absorption capacity and biodegradability tests. A yield of 23.8 percent of extracted nanocellulose was obtained. The scaffolds composite of nanocellulose and chitosan showed the best results with an average pore size of 110.13 micrometers with 88.94 percent. porosity, 2418.32 percent of water adsorption and an ability to degrade in 16 days. The results, suggest that these scaffold have potential to be applied in TE research related to wound healing and tissue regeneration.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante de extractos de Aloysia citrodora (Cedrón) y Prunus serotina (Capulí) en Andamios biológicos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02)
    Gavilanes Suárez, Jonathan André
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a disease caused by obstruction of blood flow, due to factors such as oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS). In certain cases, tissue transplants are required, so tissue engineering (TE) proposes possible alternatives for their treatment, such as the application of biological scaffolds (BSs) with antioxidants. This study focused on the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of extracts of Aloysia citrodora (cedrón) and Prunus serotina (capulí) in BSs. Extracts were obtained by maceration and the content of phenols and flavonoids was quantified. By inhibiting DPPH, its antioxidant activity was calculated and a combination of extracts was made. The best combination of extracts was incorporated in the preparation of BSs. To check the antioxidant activity in BS, FT-IR was performed in addition to a DPPH test. Morphological and physical properties were also evaluated by SEM, mechanical tests and permeability. The yield percentages in obtaining extracts were 11.34 for lemon verbena and 12.32 for capulí. The combination of extracts in a 7:3 ratio for capulí:cedron presented an increase in the percentage of inhibition of free radicals compared to pure extracts. The addition of the extract in ABs increased the inhibition percentage to 70.17. Its incorporation into BSs allows the presence of ROS to be reduced. This shows that BS with extract has the potential to be applied in TE for the development of endothelial tissue and combat IHD.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
    Ramírez Manzano, Víctor Xavier
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Caracterización in vitro de andamios biológicos elaborados a partir de biopolímeros naturales para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-09)
    Piñaloza Vásconez, Leslie de los Ángeles
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    The shortage of organ donors and the lack of techniques to regenerate injured tissues pose a challenge worldwide, making tissue engineering a promising alternative. In this discipline, cells, biological scaffolds, and factors are combined to generate functional tissues. This study focused on the development and characterization of scaffolds made from natural biopolymers, as these provide the basis for cell adhesion and proliferation. Collagen, chitosan, and collagen - chitosan (hybrid) scaffolds were prepared by lyophilization. Their morphology was evaluated by SEM (porosity) and ethanol infiltration (porosity percentage). In addition, hemocompatibility was characterized by swelling, clotting index, hemolysis, and red blood cell and platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the hybrid scaffold has the best properties and is the most suitable for future research. However, it is proposed to use the collagen scaffold for epithelial tissue studies, the chitosan scaffold for bone and cartilage tissues, and the hybrid scaffold for bone, cartilage, and connective tissues. Future studies will evaluate the bioactivity of the scaffolds with cells, therefore, to ensure sterility of the scaffolds for cell culture, two sterilization methods were investigated: ultraviolet irradiation and ethanol (65-70 percent). UV light proved to be the best method due to the time required and ease of use. In conclusion, the characterization carried out on the ABs suggests that they possess adequate characteristics for future investigations related to tissue development; however, the collagen - chitosan scaffold presents better morphological characteristics. These ABs will be used in future evaluations of cell growth and proliferation.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Elaboración de andamios biológicos a partir de biopolímeros naturales mediante métodos manuales y bioimpresión 3D para aplicaciones en ingeniería de tejidos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2022-09)
    Guáitara Martínez, Sandro Daniel
    ;
    Núñez Villacís, Lorena de los Ángeles
    There are thousands of patients with injuries that cannot be adequately treated, making tissue engineering a great alternative. Although it is not limited only to this because it can also be suitable for the development of drugs and the study of diseases. The aim of this research is to elaborate different scaffolds with potential applications in tissue engineering, using natural polymers. For this purpose, freeze-drying as a manual method and 3D bioprinting were used. The solutions for the scaffolds were elaborated by dissolving chitosan and collagen in acetic acid and mixing them with an agarose solution in PBS; these solutions were freeze-dried to obtain dry and porous scaffolds. For the 3D bioprinter, the solutions were printed in the form of 4 cm square squares, with a mesh inside. They were evaluated by SEM in order to measure the pore size and analyze their surface area. Using the ethanol infiltration method, a better understanding of the pores was obtained. Water absorption capacity tests were performed. Due to the importance of biodegradability, it was evaluated by immersion in blood plasma for 2, 4 and 7 days. Finally, the biomineralization of the scaffolds was also evaluated in the same way as biodegradability, i.e., incubating in blood plasma. With the evaluation of the characteristics, it was analyzed for which tissues the scaffolds could be useful, which was mainly bone and dermal tissue.