Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Tiene archivos: SíTema: search.filters.subject.AGROECOLOGÍA

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Análisis del sistema de producción de alimentos agroecológicos y su relación con la microbiota del suelo que benefician a la resiliencia climática
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2024-08)
    Casalombo Lema, Roberto Martin
    ;
    Franco Crespo, Christian David
    Due to the increasing population over the years, it is of great importance to implement sustainable production systems within agricultural farms in order to guarantee consumer safety, as well as the balance within the soils or other living organisms that are part of the production system, considering that there are factors such as microorganisms that are part of the optimal growth of a plant. Píllaro canton is one of the cantons with a strong agroecological production in the country, it has associations of agricultural producers who, based on ancestral knowledge passed down from generation to generation, implement strategies that provide well-being for both food consumers and the soils they work on. This research project linked the importance of the presence of soil microorganisms in plant growth through their identification by means of shotgun metagenomic sequencing and from a bromatological analysis that allowed us to know the increase in factors such as humidity through the use of an infrared balance and nitrogen from the Dumas method. In this way, a positive soil-plant relationship was obtained because it was found from the presence of microorganisms and the bromatological analyzes the benefit of crops for the formation of resilience due to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and the generation of hormones that promote plant growth.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    El aporte de la agroecología a la Seguridad Alimentaria a partir del año 2015 en el Ecuador
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-03)
    Vallejo Mena, Jeremias George
    ;
    Franco Crespo, Christian David
    This project is focuses in analyzing the information on the agroecological contribution towards food security in Ecuador, since the year 2015. This análisis consider positive and negative factors that was developed from public policies stablished in previous years. The main objective is to offer relevant information on agroecology focused on food security, sovereignty and food availability. The main actors, talking-decisions, programs and applications that have been developed in Ecuador. The study explains some principles of the applicability of agroecology, how it was established in the country and how it has been involved in food security. Moreover, some results explain which are the beneficiary groups and how they have applied it, emphasizing that the aforementioned It is developed, after comparing the world to the country. Considering that agroecology has been established in the country for several years, all relevant information on food security will be used and related to agroecology. Agroeocology in Ecuador is a factor favorable to food security since its objectives lie in the growth of food products, nutrition, reconstruction of ecosystem services and the sustainability of agricultural production, considering the concept of food security, relating it to the agroecology is inevitable. All this in order to reach the conclusion of how agroecology has contributed and how it has influenced the country's food security.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Análisis de las limitaciones de procesamiento de alimentos agroecológicos en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería en Alimentos, 2022-03)
    Bravo Sánchez, Estefanía Carolina
    ;
    Franco Crespo, Christian David
    At present, the agroecological production system is considered of vital importance due to the characteristics of the product that are related to the quality of the food, including reliability, durability and ease of maintenance. Agroecological food processing is sustainable and pollutes less than a conventional production system. In addition, the conventional system, having technified processes, results in greater energy and resource expenditure, directed unsustainable over time. The research aimed to analyze the limitations of agroecological food processing in the city of Ambato. The análisis was carried out through surveys applied to organic food producers that are located in the city of Ambato in order to determine what are the limitations for the production of organic food and the potentialities in agroecological production for the development of the market. The results obtained from the study indicate that there is a great diversity of foods in the area, which is why they give added value in the market, especially to the line of vegetables, fruits and cereals. The lack of knowledge and training is a limitation for agroecological producers to reach the market where theseproducts are directed. 11 percent of producers interviewed have organic certification, while 89 percent do not, which limits the marketing of their direct-to-consumer products in supermarkets. As a result, the development of value-added organic food production and its consumption should be encouraged even more.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación del comportamiento de microorganismos eficientes autóctonos (EMA) y levaduras fermentadoras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) en la fabricación del biofertilizante Bokashi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015)
    Córdova Vinueza, Lidia Silvana
    ;
    German Tomalá, César Augusto
    The Bokashi is a biofertilizer, which aims to enable and increase the amount of beneficial microorganisms in the soil and helps nourish agricultural soils. The provision of beneficial microorganisms ensures adequate decomposition of the organic material and contributes to the elimination of pathogens. The Bokashi is prepared in a short time and produces no unpleasant odors or attract pests. Bokashi is a biological mixture of microorganisms to produce a proliferation is necessary to have a constant aeration, considering therefore a completely aerobic fermentation which causes a rapid manner. Agriculture is one of the most important in the country's economy and the increasing influence of environmental contamination recorded for immediate solutions in order to increase productive soils, therefore it is necessary to implement organic fertilizers so that this so you can eliminate or reduce the use of agrochemicals. Using Bokashi composting type is a new reliable and sustainable alternative crop improvement thereby optimizing production. By using the Bokashi biofertilizer can earn not only an improvement in soil structure if not in increased crop production parameters. The specific objectives of this research were: Get efficient indigenous microorganisms (EMA) and fermenting yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), from a commercial pure strain. Assessing the behavior of the two organisms separately and in combination in the manufacture of Bokashi. Determine, through three complete replicas, the most suitable modalities investigated in terms of time and quality of the final byproduct. Perform an economic analysis of research and cost projection Bokashi making a commercial scale. For the manufacture of biofertilizer Bokashi used several treatments such as a1b1 (0ml EMA and 0g yeast), a1b2 (0ml EMA and 1g/l yeast), a2b1 (200ml/20l EMA and 0g yeast), a2b2 (200ml/20l EMA and 1g/l yeast), a3b1 (400ml/20l EMA and 0g yeast), a3b2 (400ml/20l EMA and 1g/l yeast), a4b1 (600ml/20l EMA and 0g yeast) and a4b2 (600ml/20l EMA and 1g/l yeast), each with three replicates complete a completely randomized design (dca) in a factorial arrangement(a * b).Concentrations were selected considering that there is no research as such to set the amount to be used for making Bokashi. The physical and chemical analyzes of temperature, color, pH, moisture, matter integrity, electrical conductivity, nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg) and organic matter. It also established the relation c / n, to determine which treatment is most recommended. The best treatment was a2b2, ie efficient 200ml/20l of efficient indigenous microorganisms (EMA) and 1 g / l of fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the parameters obtained were satisfactory temperature, humidity, integrity matter content of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, S, Mg), organic matter and the relation C/N.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación de diferentes sustratos y nutrientes para el crecimiento agroecológico de una especie forrajera en hidroponía
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2013)
    Castillo Manzano, Patricia del Pilar
    ;
    Velasteguí Sánchez, Ramiro
    La gran cantidad de fertilizantes químicos, sequias, desastres naturales y otros problemas han provocado daños muy graves en la composición de nuestros suelos, erosionándolos o degradándolos. En el presente trabajo de investigación se elaboró forraje para la alimentación animal mediante el método de hidroponía utilizando como sustrato a la cascarilla de arroz y sin ningún sustrato; y cuatro fórmulas nutritivas (la química, té de compost, agua y solución de tierra negra de páramo) todas estas accesibles y de bajo costo para los agricultores. Se realizó una pre germinación durante 2 días (24 horas en remojo y 24 horas en aireación), luego de esto pasaron a las cajoneras que sirvieron para su crecimiento durante 15 días. Estas cajoneras fueron previamente forradas con plástico negro de calibre 8 y colocadas mangueras para drenar el exceso de solución nutritiva. La cascarilla de arroz fue lavada con abundante agua antes de ser colocada en la bandeja y las soluciones nutritivas preparadas como se menciona en la metodología. Los primeros cuatro días de crecimiento se regó con agua, a partir del quinto día con solución nutritiva hasta el día 10 y luego otra vez con agua para quitar el exceso de nutrientes hasta el día 15 en donde la cantidad de proteína está en el máximo. Con todos los tratamientos se obtuvo características óptimas nutritivas, entre las principales está el porcentaje de proteína, la cual varía entre el (18 y el 23) % que según los requerimientos nutricionales tanto para ganado como para cuyes y conejos está en un rango adecuado. Asimismo se determinó nutrientes como fósforo, potasio, calcio y magnesio, en los cuales no se observó diferencia ignificativa entre los tratamientos. Finalmente se realizó un análisis económico de todos los tratamientos y al comparar las soluciones nutritivas orgánicas con la solución nutritiva química, dio como resultado un ahorro del 75% al utilizar soluciones nutritivas orgánicas.