Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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Tipo de acceso: Acceso abiertoTema: search.filters.subject.NORMAS ISO AMBIENTALES

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Evaluación de riesgos químicos por Benceno, Tolueno y Xileno en los puestos críticos de los laboratorios de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-03)
    Peralta Álvarez, Katherine Alejandra
    ;
    Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    An evaluation analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the different laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato was carried out using the Quality Norm for internal environments ISO 171330. Benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) were sampled using the Norm of UNE 689 Chemical Risk Assessment, measurement tests were carried out in the Physical-Chemical and Instrumental Analysis, General Chemistry, and Food Research Center laboratories for 90 working days. The BriD MX6 (direct-photoionized measurement) was used for the measurements. The exposure indices in parts per million (ppm) were: Instrumental Analysis: benzene 10.35, toluene 0.12, xylene: meta 0.08, ortho 0.07, para 0.08, General Chemistry: benzene 22.13, toluene 0.13, xylene: meta 0.17, ortho 0.17 and for 0.12; and the Food Research Center: benzene 17.74, toluene 0.14, xylene: meta 0.13, ortho 0.17 and for 0.15; determining a value of the total exposure index in ppm: Instrumental Analysis of 10.54, general chemistry of 22.71 and the Food Research Center 22.76. Exceeding the Recommended Environmental Limit Value (VLA). Finally, an attenuation system was developed calculating a total ventilation flow for each of the laboratories in cubic meters per hour. Laboratories use BTX in different concentrations, this causes its concentrations to vary. Finally, the total evaporation rate calculated in liters per hour was obtained. The parameters required by the Institute for Occupational Safety and Hygiene (INSHT) were used.by the Institute of Occupational Safety and Hygiene (INSHT) were used.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Externalidades de óxidos de nitrógeno (NOx) sobre pérdidas en las cosechas agrícolas (PCA), impactos sobre materiales y edificios (IME) y daños de la masa forestal (DMF) generadas por el transporte urbano en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01)
    Torres Rodríguez, Daniela Nataly
    ;
    Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    The cost was determined by externalities on losses in agricultural crops (PCA), of the materials and buildings (IME) and damages of the forest mass (DMF) generated by urban transport in the city of Ambato. Analyzing a total of 363 samples of EURO II and EURO III technology buses, to measure the emissions of O2, CO, NO, NO2, SO2, they were analyzed in Bacharach ECA 450 Analyzer following the ISO 14064 standard of direct sources with scope 1. For EURO II technology buses, NOX emissions are 1.69x10-4 t for year and for EURO III they are 1.59x10-4 t for year. With these values, the economic losses for PCA are calculated to be: 1.65 dollars per year; IME is: 1.10x10-5 dollars per year and DMF is: 5.50x10-5 dollars per year. The sum of the three externalities taken by INFRAS for IWW, 2004 indicates the external costs caused by this type of air pollution that is 1.48 euros per year, this final value was transformed from euros to dollars to the market value that is 1.65 dollars. It is observed that the value that the value is not significant in relation to the other elements of the costs of externalities, because it is considered a segment of the non-extensive automotive fleet as exclusive fuel for urban public transport with EURO II and EURO III technology; Another factor was to consider a small territorial extension.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Externalidad negativa en el transporte urbano de Ambato por emisiones directas de CO₂, Noₓ y SO₂
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05)
    Vasco Carrasco, Daniel Alejandro
    ;
    Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    The carbon price in dollars was determined for each ton of CO2 equivalent (tonCO2eq) generated by the public transport network of Ambato for the year 2018, resulting in 647.73 dollars for each bus, while for the entire transport network it gave 257241.17 dollars. The carbon tax was 15 dollars taken from the neighboring country Colombia, because in Ecuador there is no record of expenditures on health damages, infrastructure and agriculture caused by greenhouse gases. For the calculation, a sample of 117 of the 392 buses that circulate the city with the help of the ISO 14064-1 standard and the GHG protocol were analyzed, showing that there are buses with EURO II and III technology, but they do not differ in their emissions to Cause of the amount of sulfur contained in the Premium day, as well as clandestine adaptations at the level of exhaust pipe and bad driving habits. In spite of the ineffectiveness of the technology, the emission factors are within the range stipulated by the IPCC, this way we have 41911.30 kg for each TJ of CO2 and 0.0655 kg for each TJ of N2O, this is due to the The buses do not have a maximum of three years of use and the fuel has been reduced to 110 ppm since 2017. The telephone number does not have a carbon price, but is mainly responsible for the damage to the car the increase in GHG, for the public transport network, it had an emission factor of 0.0063 kg for each TJ of SO2.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Validación del método para la determinación de material particulado PM-10 y PM-2,5 en aire ambiente
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-01)
    Tituaña Quillupangui, Carlos Andrés
    ;
    Pérez Aldas, Lánder Vinicio
    At present, particulate matter (PM) air pollution is caused by industrial processes; as well as, by the excessive increase of the automotive park, which increased the problem in the health of the people and the quality of the ambient air. Studies have found that the particulate material with the highest index of influence in health conditions are PM-2.5 and PM-10. For the application of measurement methodology is guaranteed by the application of reference methods internationally validated by recognized institutions such as the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States and verified by accredited laboratories according to standards such as 17025. The validation criteria determined values uncertainty required for verification obtaining values for PM-2.5 of 17.01 percent and PM-10 8.55 percent, these being acceptable ranges proposed for the validation of the method, similarly determining the quality air on the campus of the Technical University of Ambato for PM-2.5 was 16.78 ug for each cubic meter and for PM-10 was 63.35 ug for each cubic meter, these being accepted as the guidelines established in the Text results Unified Environmental Legislation, Annex 4 of Book VI, Official Register No. 387 of 2015. The results establish that, at the Technical University of Ambato, its air quality is Good quality and the concentrations of these parameters do not affect the health of people due to the incidence of particulate matter in air.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Estimación cuantitativa y cálculo de emisiones ambientales (huella de carbono), en el terminal terrestre de la ciudad de Guaranda
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-12)
    Medina Cunalata, Christian Patricio
    ;
    Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
    The greenhouse effect is an environmental problem due to the accumulation of gas emissions, causing global warming. Among the main contributors to this problem, it leads the emissions from mobile sources, related to the public transport service in land terminals. The objective of this research project was the quantitative estimation of the value generated by the Guaranda land terminal based on ISO 140064 and GHG Protocol, international standards that guaranteed a real value of the Carbon Footprint. For the development of the measurements of the greenhouse gases, it was carried out with the Bacharach ECA 450 equipment, an analyzer certified by environmental protection agency, for the quantification of gases due to its technology of electrochemical cells and microprocessors that measures the level of emission at the source. The scoping study made it possible to identify scope III as the main GHG generator with 99.99 percent of the total carbon footprint, belonging to the fleet of buses that are dependent on the EURO technology, and a total of 31990.21 tons of CO2e generated by the terrestrial terminal including scope II. In addition, control measures and an improvement plan for air quality were established in order to promote clean development.