Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología

URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/412

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2019 - 201912020 - 20264

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Tipo de acceso: Acceso abiertoTema: search.filters.subject.COMUNIDADES MICROBIANAS

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  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Efecto de la alteración de la comunidad microbiana del suelo en la respuesta a estrés por sequía del maíz (Zea mays L)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
    Taipanta Erazo, Yadira Stefania
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    Drought is one of the most critical abiotic factors affecting agricultural production, especially in key crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), which is essential for food and economic security in countries like Ecuador. Consequently, climate change intensifies the frequency and duration of drought periods, significantly reducing crop yields and presenting considerable challenges for agriculture. Therefore, it is imperative to develop effective strategies to mitigate the effects of water stress on crops. This study analyzes the impact of soil microbiota manipulation on maize’s response to water stress. To achieve this, the compounds Dazomet and Vancomycin are used, which induce fungistasis and bacterial inhibition under controlled conditions. Maize plants are grown in soil treated with these compounds, and physiological parameters such as relative water content and proline accumulation, which are indicators of water stress, are subsequently evaluated. The results show that treatment with Dazomet and Vancomycin enhances maize tolerance to water stress, improving water retention and proline accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of soil microbiota in plant adaptation to drought, suggesting that manipulating these microbial communities could constitute an effective strategy to enhance crop resilience in the face of water scarcity.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Efecto de la aplicación de una comunidad microbiana de un suelo con historial de sequía en la arquitectura radicular del maíz (Zea mays) bajo estrés por sequía
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2026-01)
    Sulqui Zumbana, Wellington Mauricio
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica, Manoella Alejandra
    Drought represents the main abiotic threat to global food security, drastically impacting corn (Zea mays) productivity. Faced with this challenge, the use of beneficial microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere emerges as a key biotechnological strategy. The overall objective of this research project was to analyze the effect of applying a microbial community native to soil with a history of drought on the root system architecture (RSA) of corn under water stress. The methodology was implemented under controlled greenhouse conditions, with an experimental design that involved testing treatments inoculated with the native microbial community compared to sterile controls, all subjected to irrigation suspension upon reaching the V5 phenological stage. The study focused on determining root architecture parameters through image analysis (Rhizo Vision Explorer and Image J) to quantify morphological plasticity and hydraulic efficiency. The results showed that inoculation mitigated water stress by acting as a biostimulant that increased early plant vigor by 64 percent. Under drought conditions, inoculated plants maintained an avoidance strategy, sustaining leaf water homeostasis. This tolerance was supported by aggressive phenotypic plasticity that increased rooting depth and promoted a significant increase in the total length of lateral roots. Crucially, a hydraulic adaptation was induced that manifested itself in the expansion of the metaxylem vessels, ensuring axial conductivity and allowing an optimal balance in the root vs. shoot ratio. It is concluded that the microbial community confers a comprehensive reprogramming that combines intensive root exploration with high vascular water transport efficiency, mitigating growth failure under water deficit.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-07)
    Palacio Viteri Luis Francisco
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
    Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Desarrollo de una comunidad microbiana sintética para inducir tolerancia a la sequía en papa (solanum tuberosum)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025)
    Gavilanes Caluña Karen Adriana
    ;
    Sánchez Garnica Manoella Alejandra
    Agriculture faces a growing threat due to the intensification of drought events, which affect up to fifty-five percent of global agricultural production and generate losses exceeding ten billion dollars annually. In this context, potato, a staple food in the Andean region, is highly vulnerable to water stress conditions, especially in affected areas such as Ecuador, where considerable economic losses have been recorded. In response to this problem, the overall objective of this study was to develop a synthetic microbial community from soils with a history of drought, capable of inducing tolerance to water deficits in potato plants. To this end, microorganisms were extracted from the soil, and a bacterial cocktail was formed that was metagenomically characterized. This consortium was then inoculated into potato plants grown in a greenhouse under controlled irrigation and drought conditions using a completely randomized experimental design. The results revealed that the inoculated plants had higher leaf water retention, higher proline content, more efficient recovery after rehydration, and better structural development than the controls without microorganisms. The application of adapted microbial communities represents a sustainable biotechnological alternative that improves water stress tolerance and promotes plant growth, thereby reducing the use of agrochemical inputs and increasing the resilience of potato crops to climate change.
  • Miniatura
    Item type:Ítem,
    Identificación de bacterias aisladas de ecosistemas glaciares, andinos y antárticos
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05)
    Palacios Mazón, Diego Marcelo
    ;
    Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
    Bacteria isolated from glacial, Andean and Antarctic ecosystems were identified. By rep-PCR using the BOX primer, 72 strains were genotypically characterized and a dendrogram was constructed by numerical taxonomy, using the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 10 groups. From these, representatives were selected for the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and phenotypic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was performed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor-Joining algorithm, allowing the identification of 11 different species. Of which, strains DG-222 and DG-203 probably belong to new species. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate this. Through the phenotypic characterization, a dendrogram of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data was constructed using the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 21 phenetic groups with 84,6 percent similarity. Most of the collection was determined as Gram negative, psychrotroph, neutrotolerant, weak halophilic or halophilic. In addition, new physiological characteristics of 4 different species were discovered. The analysis of polyphasic taxonomy with the strains that had fingerprinting patterns similar to the identified species, managed to locate 35 strains according to the molecular characterization. Forming 16 phenetic groups at 90 percent similarity and determining the polyphase taxonomic position of 48,6 percent of the collection. Probably, the diversity of the collection is underestimated and there could be species that have not been identified in this study. It is necessary to carry out a second analysis of the strains that were excluded in the analyzes.