Derecho
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/893
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Item El derecho de las niñas, niños y adolescentes a acceder a una justicia especializada y las unidades judiciales multicompetentes(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-08) Dier Lozada, Nathaly Patricia; Saca Balladares, Melinton FernandoEl presente trabajo de Investigación titulado "El derecho de las niñas, niños y adolescentes a acceder a una justicia especializada y las Unidades Judiciales Multicompetentes" busca analizar la discrepancia entre el funcionamiento de las Unidades Judiciales Multicompetentes y el precepto constitucional que garantiza el acceso a una Justicia Especializada para niños, niñas y adolescentes, según el Art. 175 de la Constitución de la República del Ecuador. El objetivo principal de la Investigación es determinar la incidencia de las Resoluciones adoptadas por los Jueces Multicompetentes respecto al derecho de los niños de acceder a una justicia especializada que garantice sus derechos. Se identifica una antinomia jurídica entre la Carta Magna y el Código Orgánico de la Función Judicial debido a que, las Unidades Judiciales Multicompetentes no cumplen con el principio de especialidad necesario para proteger los derechos de los menores. Esta falta de especialización ha generado problemas en la Administración de Justicia al abordar diversas materias sin la especialidad requerida en la materia de niñez y adolescencia; por lo tanto, es importante asegurar el derecho al acceso a una justicia especializada para niños y adolescentes con el fin de cumplir con el Mandato Constitucional. La Metodología desarrollada en la presente investigación fue el método mixto, en el que se realizaron entrevistas a los Jueces de la Unidad Judicial Multicompetente con sede en el cantón Pelileo, así como el análisis de sentencias de estas Unidades Multicompetentes y entrevistas a los Abogados de Tungurahua. Se concluye que, si bien estas Unidades garantizan el acceso a la Justicia, la falta de acceso a una justicia de tipo especializada limita el conocimiento integral necesario para proteger plenamente los derechos de los menores, además, compromete el cumplimiento de otros principios fundamentales lo que constituye una clara violación de sus derechos como el de Seguridad Jurídica. Por lo tanto, es necesaria la creación de Unidades Judiciales Especializadas en los lugares que se mantiene la Multicompetencia con el fin de proteger efectivamente los derechos de las niñas, niños y adolescentesItem Principio de Irretroactividad de la Ley Tributaria, Análisis del Decreto Ley Orgánica para el Fortalecimiento de la Economía Familiar(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2024-02) Suárez Mena, Andrés Marcelo; Guerrero Zúñiga, EdisonThe legal system in Ecuador undergoes changes and reforms that must adhere to prove law. In this context, the preservation of legality in the implemented reforms requires consideration of the existing regulations at the time of their application. This, irretroactivity appears as a principle within the Ecuadorian legal system to safeguard citizens, imposing temporal restrictions on the application of norms by establishing that laws are based on prior and non-retroactive norms. This ensures stability in laws and contributes to the confidence that people have in the legal system. The relationship between irretroactivity and legal certainty is crucial for the proper application of this principle, as it pertains to rights that are interconnected when protecting individual rights. This principle is applicable not only to general law but also to tax law, thereby ensuring the protection of taxpayers' rights by guaranteeing that they will not be affected by normative changes made after the execution of an actItem Régimen de rehabilitación semiabierto en el delito de obstrucción a la justicia y la tutela judicial efectiva(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2023-09) Manobanda Mazabanda, Elida Gabriela; Acosta Morales, María GabrielaThe prison system in Ecuador has evolved throughout history. The first prison was the García Moreno Prison in 1869, in which people who committed some types of crime were locked up and were only allowed to read the Bible. Nowadays, there are several prisons, including those in Guayaquil, Quito, Cuenca, Latacunga and Ambato. The penitentiary system is in charge, through the state, of executing the punishment of a person who has committed a crime with the aim of rehabilitating him and then being able to be reintegrated into society through activities required and stipulated in the Reglamento de Rehabilitación Social. For this reason, the problem arises from the reform that was carried out on August 17, 2021, in relation to the matter of anti-corruption in the Reform Law to the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, in which access to the semi-open regime is prohibited for the crime of obstruction of justice that has a criminal typology within the group of illegal acts that are violating effective judicial protection. Subsequently, this reform entered into force in Article 698 of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code, which makes it impossible to propose the semi-open social rehabilitation regime to persons deprived of their liberty who have committed the crime of obstruction of justice. What is stipulated above is contrary to what is established in the República del Ecuador, according to what is embodied in article 425 of the norm, which establishes that all infra-constitutional regulations must be in accordance with it; and, article 698 of the Comprehensive Organic Criminal Code does not allow access to justice to persons deprived of liberty who intend to file the semi-open rehabilitation regime, which is violating the right to effective judicial protection since there is an express norm that denies that claim and that does not allow the protection of constitutional rights through an adequate and technical defense.Item Aplicación del Doble Conforme en materia Penal en torno al derecho a Recurrir en Ecuador, en base a la Resolución 04-2022(Universidad Tècnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2023-03) Pico Yanchaliquin, Joselyn Estefania; Romo Santana, José LuisThis research work is based on covering the special remedy of double jeopardy and the right to appeal as a guarantee that allows the accused to have a range of different mechanisms, or in this case a remedy that allows the defendant to defend himself in different instances, and the victim a remedy that allows to re-evaluate the evidence, so that the research addresses the criminal procedure law and therefore the due process and effective judicial protection with its guarantees. It is important to emphasize that the analysis of the special remedy of double jeopardy as a new remedy that begins to govern with the provisions of Resolution 04-22 of the Official Registry, seeks to guarantee and comply with the human rights that have been ratified by Ecuador, with the purpose that, under no condition, the accused are left in a state of defenselessness, it should be noted that it is mainly oriented to a person being convicted as guilty in two instances. The research intends to analyze the applicability and publicity of the special remedy of double jeopardy, for which the analysis of what is established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, in addition to the American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ICCPR with respect to the right to appeal and what has been outlined by national and international authors on the subject, will also be used as support for the implementation of the objectives set outItem El indulto presidencial en delitos contra la Administración Pública y el principio de seguridad jurídica.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2019-12) Gavilánez Gavilánez, Alex Diego; Vayas Castro, Guillermo SantiagoABSTRACT The present titling work deals with the granting of the presidential amnesty in crimes against public administration and the principle of legal certainty, which in our country has taken a very political dye and generated rejection and distrust of this administrative act of the Executive who made use of of this purely discretionary power, it makes the decision to benefit a person deprived of liberty and who, in turn, recovers his freedom immediately, leaving aside the actions of the justice apparatus and also causing damages to the State such as the granting of this thanks to people who have been prosecuted and sentenced for the crime of peculation, important because crimes against public administration affect the national interest, the common good of a nation. The qualitative and quantitative approach is used due to the nature of the information collected through surveys and the application of interviews to experts in constitutional law and criminal law and is part of the research line of integral social human development due to the nature of its content, its objectives and whose proposal is developed through the promulgation of a special law that regulates the presidential pardon, limits it and specifies its minimum requirements taking into account the recent cases of crimes against the public administration that the country is going through and the region; in order to avoid committing them without those responsible face the consequences.Item Valoración de los antecedentes judiciales y la suspensión condicional de la pena(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2018-06) Lalangui Villarroel, Luis Ángel; Sánchez Espín, Jorge EnriqueThe current reality that exists in our country and the great shortcomings that have been found in our standards is a big problem, because it means that we do not have an effective protection of our rights, principles are violated and standards are contradicted, which it leads to the correct application being left unsaid. The present investigation is being carried out to guarantee the effective tutelage, and to try to give a viable alternative for the problematic one raised, since the operators of justice are the ones in charge of administering justice, since the victims when realizing, the bad application of what is established in the Comprehensive Criminal Code, in its article 630 for people who are sentenced to prison. They can leave in liverdad as long as they are not sentenced to a penalty of no more than 5 years. Based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, which is the supreme law on other laws, the same that has constitutional supremacy, and then focus on the vacuum that exists in the standard that is trying to correct with a reform in his article. The Right to Judicial Protection, becomes the paradigm of the present work, because its main objective is the legal protection of rights, which must be protected, in addition to our Constitution that surrounds us in rights also gives us duties and obligations which we must comply and respect, and if we do not comply with them, it brings legal consequences. It must be taken into account that when a person is a repeat offender he must be sanctioned, without having the option to apply or request this alternative measure.Item La pensión de subsistencia y el derecho a la seguridad jurídica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato, Facultad de Jurisprudencia y Ciencias Sociales, Carrera de Derecho, 2017-01) Tixelema Caguana, Jorge Luis; Vayas Castro, Guillermo SantiagoThis research is the result of the actions of and competent judges to hear cases of violence against women or members of the family and respect the protection measures that are empowered to grant in favor of the victims, also granted a pension subsistence, the process is not clear either before or after fixing it, obviously affecting both the victim and the aggressor in their right to legal certainty. It should be noted that the right to legal certainty is a right that is given in the Constitution of the Republic of Ecuador, therefore the Ecuadorian State is the call to ensure that the rules that will govern the lives of citizens are as clear as possible, to avoid affecting other rights recognized by the Constitution to enforce laws in different legal areas and that these are in harmony with each other letter. So this research aims to find an alternative solution to the problem, because despite being set layout simultaneously set a living allowance for victims of violence against women or members of the family nucleus in the Código Orgánico Integral Penal, the lack of a clear procedure not become effective, because there is not a standard, and elements to ensure their effectiveness. For these reasons, it is considered that the present investigation is important and momentous, it seeks to provide an alternative solution for effective implementation of living allowance for the benefit of women or household members, victims of violence and who commit the offense submitting to the consequent legal provisions. To achieve it there has been gathered useful information that it appreciates in the development of the variables; also the raised hypothesis has been verified, and there concludes that, is needed a Regulation is sent immediately On the Pension of Subsistence, which regulates in a specific way the scopes and effects of the measure, avoiding the inefficiency in the administration of justice of opportune form, guaranteeing the equality, the impartiality and the juridical safety of administered recognized constitutionally.