Browsing by Author "Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago"

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    Análisis del bagazo de la caña de azúcar como filtro en el tratamiento de aguas residuales provenientes de la industria de lácteos “Lácteos Valenzuela Divino Niño” de la provincia de Cotopaxi, cantón Saquisilí
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2018) Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago; Morales Fiallos, Fabián Rodrigo
    In the present work try to evaluate the efficiency of sugarcane bagasse in the pre-treatment of a residual milk effluent; for the development of the work was taken a period of 90 days, which estimated a residual flow of (0.13ltrs / sec) and a final volume = 4680ltrs / Labor day, corresponding a volume of milk waste = 360ltrs / Labor day; the following initial concentrations of Oils and Fats (1324mg / l), BOD5 (2631mg / l) and COD (5560mg / l) are present. The purifying capacity of the filter material is determined by a sampling of filtered water for analysis every 10 days, and by means of the results obtained, establish the time to be replaced, also by through of a microscopic sweep observe the degenerative process of the material. The maximum efficiencies achieved are around: 30.55% (Oils and Fats), 81.07% (BOD5) and 79.78% (COD), during the first 60 days, from there it is necessary to have more accurate and realistic results due to the inconsistent dispersion that can result in the sampling when the industrial production varies in working day and final byproduct, so in the last 30 days of treatment only the BOD5 (relevant parameter) of the waste water treated is analyzed and without treatment from the same collection and generative process of the day defined for sampling, with a filter riverbed change every 10 days. Getting a real average efficiency of 55.97%, and a microscopic sweep revealing a morphological structure dominated by surface wear, pores totally sealed by solid milk residues at micrometric level, separated near-smooth fibers creating gaps between them and even the presence of microorganisms . That said, it establishes a functional useful life of the filter media very short (30 days) and a greater efficiency during the initial 10 days of continuous filtration, in addition it emphasizes the relation cost / benefit being the material suitable for a pre-treatment or tertiary treatment although the adsorbate and adsorbent are of the same type (organic) giving way to a rapid degradation
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    Incidencia y eficiencia del uso de conexiones no precalificadas, ni ensayadas experimentalmente, en el desempeño de estructuras metálicas en el Ecuador; tipos y pseudo - criterios
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Ingeniería Civil con Mención en Estructuras Metálicas, 2022-09) Toapanta Molina, Álvaro Santiago; López Villacís, Gonzalo Eduardo
    Structural engineering has undergone major changes as a result of the need to innovate and create new building methods, likewise, changing from conventional materials to materials with better structural behavior in the face of seismic events as a starting point, which several professionals prioritize in their designs. So, currently Home Boulding, buildings, bridges and others are built with structural steel elements, a material that has been very popular in the industry in recent years. However, several of the systems used lack design criteria or do not obey the demands for load request and seismic effects, which are established in international and national standards (AISC, FEMA and NEC). This research work analyzes the use of A36 steel in Beam-column Connection for buildings, made of tubular sections, with dimensions taken from a real structural system (SMF). The type of connection is also evaluated, using for this a welding cord with E6011 electrodes, which does not meet design criteria for qualified connections, since the filler material and type of welding are not those recommended by the reference standards in this research. Connections that are very often used in steel structures in our environment. The connection proposed in this work is then prioritized to determine if it meets the requirements of the AISC 341-16 and AISC 358-16 standard, for prequalified connections, by analyzing the behavior of 5 full-scale connection prototypes subjected to load cycles. By controlling the drift angle produced between the beam and the column, as recommended by FEMA 350 for loading protocols. One of the prototypes or specimens is used to determine the ultimate strength before connection failure occurs, what is known as a monotonic laterally loaded testing. The hysteresis curves of the prototypes tested relative to the moment vs the angle of drift or rotation (0.04 rad) defined in the loading protocol should be at least 80% of the probable moment, calculated according to the mechanical properties of the material of the elements. With the data obtained experimentally and verifying compliance with the prequalification parameters of the beam-column connection, the comparative analysis of results is carried out, with a mathematical model that uses finite elements for its development (ANSYS), likewise the unitary deformations reached are shown., by means of the software mentioned and the data thrown by the strain gauges, located near the welding cord in the connection. Conclusions, this type of connections in Ecuador have not been tested and are not prequalified either, leaving a precedent on their efficiency and impact on construction, for those professionals who use them.