Browsing by Author "Aráuz Lescano Doménica Giuliana"

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    Evaluación de caudales de crecientes en la cuenca alta del Río Chambo, a partir de la comparación de precipitaciones medias mensuales observadas y satelitales (IMERGNASA) en la ciudad de Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2026-01-19) Aráuz Lescano Doménica Giuliana; Paredes Beltrán Eduardo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica-Carrera de Ingeniería Civil
    This technical project evaluates flood flows in the upper Chambo River basin, Chimborazo province, by comparing average monthly rainfall observed at local stations with IMERG-NASA satellite data obtained from the GIOVANNI and POWER platforms. The aim is to validate its application in areas with limited instrumentation. The main objective is to characterize the hydrological and climatic properties of the basin, delineate it, and estimate design flows using geomorphological, hydrological, and statistical methods. This approach complements the scarce hydrometric records from station H-0790 Cebadas AJ Guamote, in order to anticipate floods that impact infrastructure and vulnerable Andean communities. The general methodology encompassed the delineation of the watershed using ArcGIS with digital elevation models from the Military Geographic Institute, morphometric analyses revealing an area of 1349.07 km², an average altitude of 3767 meters above sea level, and an average slope of 14.48%, along with the compilation of hydrometeorological data from INAMHI. Outliers from 1986, 1994, and 2007 were eliminated using the Chauvenet criterion. The Gumbel distribution was applied for return flows, and the SCS method was used with an average runoff coefficient of 0.12. Observed and satellite results were compared using the formula Q = (P × A × R) / t. The NEVI-15 standard guided the risk assessments for works such as riverbank protection with a return period of 140 years. The main results highlight design flows for the Chambo River of 63.87 m³/s (T=5 years), 71.62 m³/s (T=10), 81.41 m³/s (T=25), 88.67 m³/s (T=50), 95.87 m³/s (T=100), and up to 100 m³/s (T=140), with an average variation of 4% between hydrometric measurements and the SCS method, validated by simulations in HEC-HMS with errors of less than 2.15%. The IMERG-NASA data satisfactorily reproduced the monthly precipitation for the period 2000- 2024, generating average monthly flows of 57 m³/s close to the observed value (57.17 m³/s), with a stable base flow of 9.94 m³/s. The basin's shape, with a Gravelius index of 1.96 and a shape factor of 0.60, indicates a moderate response to heavy rainfall, while the bimodal rainfall regime shows peaks of 78 mm in April and 70 mm in December. IMERG satellite data demonstrate the feasibility of modeling floods in Andean basins with limited instrumentation, aligning with ground-based observations and supporting safe hydraulic designs that strengthen risk management in the Chambo region. Routine integration of NASA products into early warning and hybrid monitoring systems is recommended, along with periodic local calibrations in HEC-HMS to reduce uncertainties in extreme flows and promote water sustainability in irrigation and road protection. This empirical, multi-method approach ensures efficient solutions adapted to the regional context, with correlations greater than R=0.8 in the analyzed time series.