Revisión y análisis de bibliografía actualizada sobre el tratamiento anaeróbico de lixiviados de rellenos sanitarios municipales

Abstract

Sanitary landfills are used as the final disposal of the world's population waste, however, the problem that arises is the appearance of leachates due to the transfer of water through solid waste containing a high organic load, concentration of ammonium and other heavy metals generating a great environmental impact. Therefore, the anaerobic biological treatments present good results for the removal of contaminants in the leachate due to their systems with simple operation and low cost. So, an extensive study of technologies is necessary in order to determine the best way to treat it. This article studies through a bibliographic review the anaerobic biological treatments of leachates from landfills such as anaerobic reactors of biosolids in suspension, biofilm reactors (UASB reactor) and landfill bioreactors, through a comparative analysis current information is provided, opening the way to future research. With the review it was concluded that anaerobic biological treatments have a great advantage due to their low cost compared to other methods, with good results on a large scale with the upflow anaerobic reactor to treat leachates, with efficient percentages of COD and BOD removal in Based on operating experiences of different treatment plants, however, it does not remove the high ammonia nitrogen content of mature leachates, being a good proposal to combine the anammox system with the UASB bioreactor due to its easy operation, obtaining high removal of organic matter and nitrogen. ammonia.