Vulvovaginitis candidiásica en el embarazo: enfoque diagnóstico, tratamiento actual y complicaciones

Abstract

Introduction: Candidal vulvovaginitis is considered a common infection in pregnancy. These types of infections occur in 75% of women of reproductive age. Its prevalence even increases in the third trimester of pregnancy, generating serious complications in the mother, fetus and newborn. Objective: To describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of candidal vulvovaginitis in pregnancy and to detail the treatment and risk of maternal, perinatal, and prenatal complications. Material and methods: A bibliographicsearch of articles included in the PubMed, Elsevier, NCBI, Google Scholar databases was carried out, in addition, medical bibliography and clinical practice guidelines were attached. 83.3% of the articles reviewed correspond to the 2017-2020 period. Discussion:In general terms, vulvovaginitis is associated with high rates of morbidity. Candida is considered a microorganism that can cause an intraamniotic infection secondary to ascending colonization. Globally, there is no specific recommendation for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in pregnancy. However, in the United States, VVC inpregnancy is considered a complicated infection, so treatment with an azole derivative for 7 days is recommended. Conclusions: Despite the high level of training of the personnel in charge of managing patients diagnosed with VVC, complications are still observed, although in small numbers. It is important to highlight the importance of preventing vaginal infection and eradicating it immediately to ensure pregnancies and deliveries with fewer complications.