Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de dieciocho variedades mejoradas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) liberadas por el INIAP en el Campus Querochaca, Cevallos

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belongs to the grass family and originates in the Asian region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia. In Ecuador, wheat is highly demanded and commercialized, and is part of the basic food basket and diet, since it provides a great nutritional source of calories and protein. The present research work was carried out at the Technical University of Ambato, Querochaca Campus, with the objective of evaluating the agronomic performance of eighteen improved wheat varieties released by INIAP, in order to identify the material with the best yield and good adaptability in that area, for which a completely randomized design was used with three replications of the 18 varieties, generating a total of 54 experimental units with an area of 1.2 m2 per plot. The variables to be evaluated were: days to heading, plant height, straw type, ear size, number of grains per ear, yield, hectoliter weight, diseases, type and color of grain. For data analysis and information processing, InfoStat statistical software was used to generate the normality test (Kolmogorov) at 5% significance, and then perform the analysis of variance using ADEVA and Tukey (parametric tests) or Kruskal and Wallis (non-parametric tests). Finally, the results determined that the varieties with the best agronomic performance were: INIAP ROMERO 73 in days to heading with an average of 81 days, being the earliest, in plant height INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 113.17cm, in ear size INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP ROMERO 73 with an average size of 11.63cm, in number of grains per ear INIAP COTOPAXI 88 with an average of 11.17cm, in number of grains per ear the variety INIAP COTACAHI 98 with an average of 76 grains/spike, in hectoliter weight the variety INIAP COTACACHI 98 with an average weight of 81.18 Kg/hl, in yield INIAP ZHALAO 2003 with an average of 8005.55 Kg/ha, the varieties with the best resistance to yellow rust were: INIAP COTACAHI 98, INIAP ATACAZO 69, INIAP COJITAMBO 92, INIAP QUILINDAÑA 94 and INIAP MIRADOR 2010.