Establecimiento de segmentos nodales de Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Var. Emerald), en dos medios de cultivo mediante el manejo de factores del ecosistema in vitro

Abstract

The present investigation was developed with the purpose of evaluating some factors that influence the in vitro establishment of nodal segments of V. corymbosum such as: the composition of the nutrient medium used (WPM and MS), the concentration of agar and sucrose, the protocol of disinfection of nodal segments, auxins and cytokinins. A completely randomized design was used in each experiment. It was determined that the medium that provided the best results was WPM, both in shoot length, the number of leaves per plant and the number of buds per plant, reflecting statistical differences between the WPM and MS media. Together with this parameter, a disinfection protocol was used in which three different disinfectants were tested at different action times (1, 3 and 5 minutes), achieving a lower percentage of contamination with sodium hypochlorite NaOCl (3% / 5 min), Tween 20 (2 drops/ 5 minutes) and Povidyn (1ml/ 5 minutes), which were integrated as a single protocol for the rest of the study factors. The WPM culture medium allowed a better in vitro establishment of blueberry nodal segments (Var. Emerald). Likewise, when 10 g of agar per liter were added, a greater length of the shoots of the established plants was achieved. Although the addition of sucrose to the WPM culture medium did not influence the in vitro establishment of nodal segments, concentrations of 25 and 30 g/L-1 increased the number of leaves and the number of buds per plant. When the disinfection agents Tween 20, Povidyn and sodium hypochlorite were used, no significant influences were observed on: in vitro establishment, percentage of contamination or the number of shoots per explant. Illumination did not influence the in vitro establishment of nodal segments. The in vitro establishment of the nodal segments was not determined by the type of auxin or its concentrations, although in some combinations the shoot length of the established plants was increased. The presence of cytokinins and their concentrations did not determine the in vitro establishment of blueberry nodal segments, although in some combinations the length of the shoot and the number of shoots per explant of the established plants were increased. With the results of this work, the influence of several factors that influence the success or failure of the in vitro establishment phase will be known, obtaining the first bank of in vitro donor plants of V. corymbosum Variety Emerald in the facilities of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato in the plant biotechnology laboratory, which lays the foundations for establishing massive micropropagation protocols in the future.