Complicaciones frecuentes en pacientes adultos relacionado con la traqueotomía percutánea en el área de cuidados intensivos

Abstract

Airway management is crucial for the health of patients, especially in the intensive care unit, with the aim of preserving its patency. The tracheotomy has been performed for many centuries, this is a surgical procedure that consists of the approach of the anterior wall of the trachea where an incision is made, a cannula is placed that allows the adequate air flow towards the part distal to the trachea. The main objective is to determine the frequency of complications in adult patients related to the percutaneous tracheostomy technique and the benefit of respiratory therapy in the care unit area. This is a retrospective cohort study of 34 patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy and open tracheostomy to characterize the complications derived from this procedure and the benefit of respiratory therapy with bronchial hygiene techniques as a predictor of decannulation in tracheostomized patients. The main objective is to determine the frequency of complications in adult patients related to the percutaneous tracheostomy technique and the benefit of respiratory therapy in the care unit area. It is a retrospective cohort study of 34 patients who underwent percutaneous tracheostomy and open tracheostomy to characterize the complications derived from this procedure and the benefit of respiratory therapy with bronchial hygiene techniques as a predictor of decannulation in tracheostomized patients. The characteristics of the patient, type of procedure, immediate complications, late complications, types of bronchial hygiene techniques were observed. To determine the complications of percutaneous tracheotomy and the benefit of respiratory therapy, medical records were used and a data collection questionnaire was recorded in the SPSS system. The data obtained were organized into frequency distributions and the data are presented in graphs, reporting that I perform the percutaneous tracheotomy procedure on 19 patients, corresponding to 56% and 44%, which are 15 patients, who underwent open or surgical tracheostomy, with an age range that ranges from 46 to 61 years, with bleeding being an immediate complication that occur frequently in the ICU and surgical site infection the most frequent late complication in the ICU, to analyze the effectiveness of bronchial hygiene techniques such as ETGOL, DA, TD, TEF, AFE, a total respiratory therapy was performed of 17 patients of which 12 decannulated in the expected xv time of 8 to 15 days and without any respiratory complications while qu e The 5 did not decannulate in the appropriate time because there was no collaboration of the patient or they performed the techniques incorrectly, of the 17 patients who underwent respiratory physiotherapy with bronchial hygiene techniques as a predictor of decannulation, 59% corresponding to 10 tracheostomized patients with percutaneous technique and 41% tracheostomized with surgical technique corresponding to 7 patients noting that there are no significant differences in the clinical area, nor respiratory complications in either of the two techniques whose evolution was satisfactory for both techniques, resulting in the effectiveness of the respiratory therapy with aforementioned bronchial hygiene techniques.