Análisis del tratamiento de aguas grises procedentes del lavabo de la cocina con el uso de técnicas alternativas en viviendas unifamiliares en la parroquia Atahualpa, cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

The present project aims to implement two alternative techniques capable of purifying and removing pollutants present in the gray water coming from the kitchen sink of a singlefamily home, in order to analyze whether the water treated by these systems is capable of being reused. First, the sector to work was chosen: Area of Santa Fe, Atahualpa Parish, Ambato district, Tungurahua Province. Consequently, a survey was carried out for the inhabitants of the single-family dwellings (MIDUVI) in the chosen sector, where questions were useful for the effectiveness of the design of the proposed alternatives. The first technique is based on a wastewater treatment system composed mainly of a grease trap and a FAFA filter (Up flow Anaerobic Filter); whose designs, construction and operation have been determined based on the Pan-American Health Organization. (OPS) and the Salvadoran Association of Engineers and Architects (ASIA); as an experimental part we used materials such as: crushed lava rock (diameter: 5 cm), rounded rock (diameter: 5 to 10 cm - regulated in the OPS) and crushed moringa seed. This treatment system will include a storage tank for raw gray water, and a storage tank for treated water when leaving the system. The second alternative consists of a treatment system proposed by Katukiza, it is a series filter of silica sand (diatoms) and crushed lava rock (diameter: 0.5 - 1 cm), with gravel bases under each material (diameter: 1 cm); Its design and construction is easier and less expensive, this treatment system will include a storage tank for raw gray water, and a storage tank for treated water leaving the system. The results of the raw water sampling, together with the results of the water treated by alternative 1 and 2, were analysed in the EMAPA quality control laboratory (SAE accreditation), which showed that both alternative 1 and 2 have been able to remove appreciable amounts of oils and fats, BOD5, COD, floating material, nitrites, pH and sulphates; however, alternative 2 showed a better performance.