Evaluación de medios de cultivo y fitohormonas para la inducción de callogénesis a partir de dos explantes de arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cv. Biloxi

Abstract

Blueberry consumption has increased its demand at international and national level, healthy plants are necessary efficient, therefore, this research seeks to evaluate culture media and phytohormones for the induction of callogenesis from two blueberry explants (Vaccinium corymbosum L) cv. Biloxi. Blueberry leaves and flowers that had undergone a disinfection process were introduced. In addition, leaves from plants established under in vitro conditions were evaluated. Woody plant medium was used as a base to formulate a total of thirteen treatments to which enrichers and different concentrations of phytohormones were added. The percentage of callus induction and the percentage of embryogenic calli, their morphological characteristics and their viability were evaluated. The results showed that the leaves taken ex vivo were not viable for callus development. No significant differences were found in the doses of 2,4D and KIN used in flowers. In leaves, the dose of 2 milligrams per litre of 2,4D gave callus with slightly better characteristics and the concentration of 3 milligrams per litre of KIN also showed a slight favourable difference. In conclusion, the composition of the medium, the hormone interaction, the type of explant and their interactions have a significant effect on the rate of callus induction. Furthermore, the best explant for efficient callus development is the flower, which provides favourable characteristics for a subsequent process of complete differentiation of the blueberry plant.