Mediatización de la justicia penal y el principio de Independencia judicial Caso ´´Aidita Ati"

Abstract

This research analyzes the phenomenon of mediatization within the field of criminal justice and its impact on the principle of judicial independence, through the case study of Ecuador's "Aidita Ati" case. The widespread media coverage surrounding this case revealed the presence of communicative dynamics that, rather than merely informing the public, shaped public perception, influenced the actions of judicial operators, and constructed a parallel narrative to the formal legal process. The general objective of this study was to determine whether such mediatization affected judicial independence in the analyzed case. The study employed a qualitative, explanatory approach, using semi-structured interviews and content analysis of doctrinal, legal, and media sources. The data were organized through a triangulation matrix, allowing for the comparison of diverse sources and the construction of robust analytical categories. The findings demonstrate that mediatization negatively influenced the development of the criminal process, undermining fundamental principles such as the presumption of innocence, due process, and, most notably, judicial impartiality. A sustained media-driven pressure was identified, characterized by sensationalism, dissemination of inaccurate information, and the anticipation of verdicts, all of which constrained the autonomous exercise of judicial functions. In light of these findings, it is recommended to strengthen the legal framework governing judicial communication, promote media literacy, establish ethical protocols for journalistic coverage, and implement institutional safeguards to protect judges from external pressures.