La Inteligencia Artificial como herramienta en la administración de justicia y la garantía de la motivación

Abstract

This paper analyzes the modernization of the judicial system through the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The progressive incorporation of these systems raises questions about due process, the guarantee of reasoning, the figure of the natural judge, as well as ethical issues. Its relevance lies in the absence of specific regulations, algorithmic biases, and potential future conflicts that could arise from an unregulated application. Although some countries have already incorporated this technology into their judicial systems to enhance efficiency and speed, shortcomings persist in ensuring an ethical and responsible use. The main objective is to determine the impact of the use of AI on the reasoning of judicial sentences. The research approach is qualitative, based on documentary research, which enabled the study of doctrinal, normative, and jurisprudential sources, complemented by interviews with judges of the Judiciary Council of Ambato. The results show a positive attitude towards the implementation of AI in the administration of justice, as well as challenges, opportunities, and legal implications. An interdisciplinary approach is employed within the research area of public policy, law, and society. It is concluded that AI can significantly expedite judicial processes and is feasible as a complementary support tool for the reasoning of judicial sentences, but it should not replace human reasoning; its use must be accompanied by human supervision to avoid violating fundamental rights. In Ecuador, its initial development requires regulation, infrastructure, and training of judicial personnel to avoid ethical and legal risks associated with its inappropriate use.