Formulación de un champú a partir de los compuestos bioactivos obtenidos del extracto de Cabuya (Agave americana)

Abstract

The present research was carried out with the purpose of harnessing the biotechnological potential of Agave americana as a source of bioactive compounds applicable in the cosmetic industry, specifically in the formulation of shampoo. The importance of this study lies in the growing demand for natural and functional products that can replace synthetic ingredients, as well as the need to explore local plant resources capable of providing antioxidant properties for hair care. To obtain the bioactive extract, solid–liquid ultrasonic extraction was used, with 70 percent ethanol and methanol as solvents. An experimental design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions and maximize the polyphenol content. It was found that using 70 percent ethanol and a 60-minute extraction time yielded an extract with a higher content of polyphenolic compounds (1.08 percent) and antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH method. The plant extract was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy, identifying signals associated with polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Subsequently, three shampoo formulations were prepared using the concentrated plant extract, and their physicochemical properties were evaluated, all of which met the acceptance criteria. The developed formulations showed antioxidant activity, with values ranging from 64 to 77 micromoles per liter of Trolox equivalents. The findings demonstrate that A. americana extract possesses significant potential as a protective agent against oxidative damage, establishing it as a viable natural alternative for cosmetic applications.