Diseño de un mecanismo modular de grúa de techo para facilitar la movilidad de adultos mayores en entornos domiciliarios en la provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

This research develops and validates a modular ceiling-mounted hoist designed to improve assisted mobility for older adults in home environments within the province of Tungurahua. The continuous growth of the geriatric population, combined with architectural limitations and the high physical strain experienced by caregivers during manual transfers, highlights the urgent need for accessible, safe, and adaptable solutions suited to the local context. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, integrating interviews with professionals, surveys, and direct observation in a geriatric care facility, complemented by technical analyses and digital simulations. Findings indicate that older adults face significant mobility challenges and that caregivers frequently perform high-effort maneuvers, increasing the risk of injuries and reducing transfer efficiency. Triangulated data confirms the relevance of an assisted mechanism that minimizes physical load, enhances postural safety, and strengthens user autonomy. A technical comparison of gear systems, motor-reducers, and pulley configurations led to the selection of a block-and-tackle mechanism due to its simplicity, mechanical efficiency, low cost, and compatibility with residential structures—particularly concrete ceilings, which are common in the region. The final design was modeled using CAD software and subjected to structural simulations with a 686.7 N load, verifying appropriate safety factors and stable stress distribution. The study concludes with a functional digital model adaptable to different domestic settings and technically viable for future physical prototyping. The proposal contributes a concrete solution to promote independence, safety, and well-being among older adults in home-based care environments.