Optimización de una estación de trabajo de pulido ergonómica para laboratorios de mecánica dental

Abstract

This project involves the design of a polishing capsule for dental mechanics laboratories, with the aim of improving ergonomic, functional and environmental conditions in the polishing area. Based on an assessment carried out in various laboratories in the city of Ambato, problems were found related to poor posture, inadequate lighting, waste dispersion and deficiencies in workplace organization. These conditions impair the precision of the process, increase the physical fatigue of the technician and lead to an increase in occupational risk due to exposure to acrylic, ceramic and metal particles. In response to these needs, a design proposal was developed that takes the individual into account and is based on the principles of ergonomics, international standards and observation of the work performed. The proposed polishing capsule consists of an enveloping structure inspired by hexagonal geometries, with focused lighting, a functional support surface and, finally, the inclusion of an effective waste containment and management system. This configuration seeks to optimize the technician's posture, eliminate particle dispersion during polishing and improve visibility when carrying out the polishing process. The results demonstrate that a workstation designed with ergonomic and environmental control criteria can significantly reduce physical risks and improve technical performance in dental laboratories. The proposed capsule represents a viable and necessary alternative to enhance the safety, efficiency, and quality of procedures in professional polishing environments. Overall, this research contributes to the field of industrial design by providing a comprehensive solution aligned with the real needs of dental technicians and the operational demands of laboratory environments.