Exploración de la capacidad de adsorción de las hojas de Jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) de diversos líquidos por ángulo de contacto y de su superficie adaxial mediante microscopía de fuerza atómica

Abstract

The foliar surface of aquatic plants constitutes a key interface in the interaction with substances present in the environment; however, there is limited information regarding the relationship between their nanoscopic structure and their behavior toward liquids of different natures. In this context, the present study aims to explore the adsorption capacity of Eichhornia crassipes leaves by determining contact angles and characterizing their adaxial surface. To this end, atomic force microscopy was used to analyze the surface topography at the nanoscopic scale and to determine roughness parameters in different leaf regions. Additionally, the interaction with water, mineral oil, and methanol was evaluated through contact angle measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to identify the main functional groups present on the leaf surface. The results revealed a heterogeneous topographical organization, characterized by the presence of epidermal structures and variations in roughness among regions, with high values in the central zone of the leaf. Likewise, a differential interaction was observed with the tested liquids, being greater for those with lower surface tension. Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of structural polysaccharides, aromatic compounds, and lipid components associated with the plant cuticle. It is concluded that the adaxial surface of E. crassipes exhibits topographical and chemical characteristics that influence its interaction with different liquids. This study provides insights into the relationship between surface structure, chemical composition, and interfacial behavior in this aquatic species.