Evaluación del uso de residuos orgánicos de centros de distribución alimentaria como sustrato sostenible para la producción de hongo ostra blanco (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Abstract

The methodology used included the collection of organic waste, whose suitability as a substrate was evaluated through analysis of moisture, pH, texture, and lignocellulosic composition. The substrates were fragmented, adjusted for moisture and pH, and sterilized. Subsequently, the substrate was inoculated with mycelium and its growth was monitored under controlled conditions, evaluating the yield through the weight of the fruiting bodies obtained. The results demonstrated that sawdust, combined with wheat bran and calcium carbonate, achieved the best performance in fruiting body production, with an approximate yield of 120 grams per kilogram of substrate. In comparison, substrates based on corn bagasse and sugarcane bagasse produced lower yields and greater variability. These findings confirm that the use of organic waste is a sustainable strategy for the production of P. ostreatus, recommending the optimization of the carbon/nitrogen ratio to further improve the results.