Diseño de suela con optimización biomecánica para calzado técnico laboral, mediante manufactura aditiva para la horma antropométrica femenina EUR 37

Abstract

Technical footwear design urgently needs innovations that achieve a balance between durability and ergonomics, reducing user fatigue without compromising structural safety. This research addresses this issue by developing and validating a biomechanically optimized sole for women's technical work shoes, focusing on user comfort. The design utilizes additive manufacturing through fused deposition modeling (FDM) and flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) filament. Methodologically, the project falls within the research area of industrial design and product development, employing a mixed documentary and experimental approach. Parametric modeling was performed based on the CITCA women's anthropometric last, size 37, followed by functional fit validation in the workshop. Subsequently, standardized laboratory tests for abrasion resistance and cyclic bending fatigue will be applied to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the printed component, comparing the results with the nominal properties of the raw material. The work stands out for its novel and ergonomic design, as well as for its structural optimization through the use of internal configurations. Furthermore, it is innovative because it critically determines the effect of the spatial orientation of the layers on the mechanical anisotropy of the elastomer. Although the raw material exhibited greater flexibility, the study concludes that the lamination strategy determines the final fatigue resistance. When the spatial direction is modified to a lateral position on the print bed, the extrusion lines are oriented longitudinally. This eliminates delamination stresses between layers and ensures compliance with established regulations.