Diagnóstico y manejo integral del síndrome de intestino irritable

Abstract

Recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits are manifested by a functional intestinal disorder called irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose pathogenic mechanisms are: visceral, hypersensitivity, altered intestinal motility, psychosocial factors, and localized changes in the intestinal wall. The clinical manifestations are not specific and the diagnosis is made from functional disorders such as: dyspepsia, musculoskeletal pain, urological symptoms, dyspareunia, sleep disorders, psychological disorders. As for the diagnosis, the Rome IV diagnostic criteria establish a multifactorial approach for the diagnosis of IBS based on symptoms, mainly abdominal pain and diarrhea, and it is classified according to the subgroup according to the stool pattern: IBS with diarrhea, with constipation, with mixed bowel habits and without classification. In addition, additional tests are required whose useful tests for the study of IBS include: blood tests, stool tests, endoscopic studies, imaging studies and H2 test in expired air. On the other hand, the integral management of IBS constitutes a diet low in oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and fermentable polyols, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiosis and psychological therapies. Forpharmacological treatment, supplementation with micronutrients, laxative drugs, soluble fiber and antispasmodics is implied.