Inmunoterapia en el cáncer

Abstract

Immunotherapy as a cancer treatment has developed considerably in recent years and has proven to be a promising type of cancer treatment. This therapy consists of the administration of substances produced by the body or through a laboratory to help the immune system to accurately identify and eliminate neoplastic cells in the patient. The latest research proposes to improve the recognition of tumor antigens and to take advantage of the effector mechanisms of the individual's own immune cells. Also, directly curbing cancer cells by stimulating the immune system's ability to recognize them by activating defense mechanisms that prevent cancer proliferation. However, it remains a challenge to increase effectiveness, specificity and safety, as this type of treatment is not without limitations and adverse effects. Among the types of immunotherapy currently available are: administration of cytokines, vaccines, viruses, monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, TIL and CAR-T cell therapy. Their main function is to modulate the immune response.In the present bibliographic review, important aspects to improve antitumor immunity and to suppress the mechanisms of evasion to immunosurveillance will be exposed; with its relation in immunotherapy.