Determinación de antibiorresistencia de cepas de Escherichia coli aisladas en carne de pollo en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua

Abstract

Escherichia coli presents significantly high and well-developed resistance mechanisms towards antibiotics, representing a worldwide problem for public health, one of its transmission routes is in food of animal origin, noting that the dissemination is facilitated by poor hygiene and Sanitary control in slaughterhouses. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the antibioresistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated in chicken meat in the city of Ambato, Tungurahua Province. We worked with a total of 31 E.coli strains subjected to two research phases, the first to establish the Resistance, Intermediate or Sensitivity of the strains to the group of antibiotics: Amikacin, Gentamicin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin through of the Kirby Bauer phenotypic method (Disc-plaque), the results were subjected to the Kruskal Wallis test complemented with the Mann Whitney U test, obtaining a CIP Resistance: 45%, CRO: 25.8%, AMC: 9.8%. , CN and AK: 0%, following CLSI 2023 cut-off points. In the second phase, the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of the resulting strains sensitive to the group of antibiotics in phase 1 was determined, the results were analyzed descriptively through of curves establishing the MIC of AK: 18-20 μg/ml CN: 18-22 μg/ml CIP: 19-21 μg/ml CRO:18- 22 μg/ml AMC: 28-33 μg/ml, following points of CLSI 2023 cutoff. The main resistance mechanisms of Escherichia coli to beta-lactams are beta-lactamases, to aminoglycosides mutations in amino and hydroxyl groups and alteration of target sites and in fluoroquinolones chromosomal mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase occur, all of these methods developed by E.coli block the action of drugs. In conclusion, it was determined that E. coli shows a marked resistance to antibiotics thanks to resistance methods that the bacteria presents through enzymes and mutations.