Metabolismo de la glucosa en el síndrome de turner

Abstract

Turner syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders, caused by the partial or total loss of one of the sex chromosomes, adult patients have a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and the altered glucose metabolism in this population seems to be genetically triggered. In adults affected by TS, abnormal glucose metabolism is found in >70% of this population. We seek to achieve early diagnosis in patients with Turner syndrome without type 2 DM by identifying clinical and biochemical risk factors before cardiometabolic risk and thus micro- and macrovascular complications increase. We comprehensively reviewed the available evidence related to the influence of insulin secretion and sensitivity, obesity, autoimmunity, growth hormone, and sex hormone replacement therapy on the onset of DM in these patients. The results of the present study would allow us to identify the importance of laboratory tests in patients with Turner syndrome for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and therefore the development of Diabetes mellitus and to implement therapeutic options promptly to improve or lengthen the temporality of onset of complications.