Musicoterapia intraoperatoria y sus efectos en la ansiedad del adulto mayor sometido a cirugía con anestesia raquídea

Abstract

Music therapy promotes an innovative, natural and economical form of care, allowing the nurse-patient relationship to be strengthened through a pleasant musical sound environment, which enables the patient to feel safe during surgery and to reach a necessary state of relaxation, thus reducing anxiety. that can generate the surgical area. The objective of this project is to determine the effects of intraoperative music therapy on the anxiety of the elderly, undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia, at the Pelileo Basic Hospital. The study has a methodological, quantitative, field approach, with a descriptive level and longitudinal design, which was applied with a sample of 30 patients randomly divided into 15 experimental group (GE) who received music therapy, 15 control group (GC) without music therapy, prior informed consent, respecting ethical principles. The instrument used was the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (IDARE), to measure the level of anxiety before and after the application of music therapy, whose results were analyzed: intergroup by means of the Mann-Whitney U test where it was found that the GE presented significant changes at the p<0.05 level and intragroup, by means of the Wilcoxon range test where it was revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean level of anxiety between the two groups (Z= -2.556, p= 0.011). Concluding that listening to music can decrease preoperative anxiety levels, and that if the patient's musical preference is considered, it causes a greater effect since familiarity with the music genre produced greater satisfaction and relaxation because patients in some cases they would sing what they heard, thus diverting their attention from the anxiety they were going through.