Anemia ferropénica en lactantes y niños de 1 a 3 años de edad: Revisión

Abstract

Different studies have shown that globally there are more than 1.24 billion people who suffer from anemia, and it is estimated that half of the cases are due to iron deficiency anemia (iron deficiency) in children, however, there are large differences in prevalence between low and high risk countries, this sign mainly affects infants, preschool children and pregnant women due to different risk factors such as: physiological, environmental, socioeconomic, chronic and genetic diseases. However, the main risk factor is malnutrition, which can even be due to a mother due to poor nutrition during pregnancy. According to the WHO, this problem represents 48.8% of global prevalence, in Latin America and the Caribbean there are 22 million children with iron deficiency anemia and in Ecuador it is shown that children of the indigenous and rural population are the most affected for the reason of locating in inadequate environmental and economic conditions (poverty), located mainly in the provinces of Chimborazo, Pichincha and Imbabura. For the monitoring and prevention of iron deficiency anemia, it is recommended to carry out laboratory tests such as levels of: Hemoglobin, erythrocyte index, serum ferritin and transferrin since they are the most specific tests that help determine iron deficiency in the body and subsequently be able to apply the necessary treatments. The objective of this bibliographic review is to collect information obtained from articles and reliable and indexed databases to publicize the problem of iron deficiency anemia in children and to create a society with extensive knowledge in the methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of certain factors that control this syndrome.