Análisis del desarrollo de sustitutos de piel mediante ingeniería de tejidos

Abstract

Wound healing is an important function of the skin, however, after suffering extensive and deep skin injuries, this process can be deregulated or lost. The purpose of this research was to analyze the scientific advances in the development of skin substitutes through the application of Tissue Engineering techniques to date. In the research conducted, it was determined that skin substitutes can be classified into epidermal, dermal and dermoepidermal substitutes, depending on the severity of the wound to be treated. As for epidermal substitutes, they were found to consist of autologous keratinocytes and cell surfaces. Dermal substitutes, on the other hand, are made up of dermal fibroblasts and scaffolds. Dermoepidermal substitutes are composed of dermal keratinocytes, fibroblasts and use scaffolds. Regarding the cells used for dermal and dermoepidermal substitutes, it was determined that these can be extracted from autologous, allogeneic, and xenogeneic sources. Through a thorough analysis it was found that there is a wide variety of skin substitute products available on the market. However, preclinical, and clinical studies are usually performed to demonstrate their validity and efficacy during use, for the substitutes to enter the market. In conclusion, tissue engineering is a technology based on the creation of skin substitutes, which not only reduce mortality, but also reduce morbidity with the aim of improving the quality of life of patients with acute or chronic wounds.