Contaminantes químicos del aire interior y su incidencia en la afectación de la salud de los trabajadores de los laboratorios de instituciones de educación superior

Abstract

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The internal environmental conditions have led to the development of concepts such as sick building, air quality or interior environmental quality, all aimed at understanding the complexity of pollutants in closed environments and the implications on the health of the population. The objective of the research work was to analyze the chemical pollutants in indoor air and its impact on the health of workers in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato. The methodology to carry out the identification, measurement and evaluation is based on the UNE 171330-2 standard, emphasizing the physical-chemical contaminants such as: temperature, relative humidity, CO, CO2, VOC, PM2,5. The evaluation of indoor air quality parameters in the laboratories of the Technical University of Ambato concludes that: 86.61% of the laboratories do not comply with the levels of CO2 concentration, 33.04% do not comply with the interior temperature , 20.53% in relative humidity, 5.35% in particulate material PM 2.5 and 0.90% in carbon monoxide. With the use of the questionnaire carried out, it is determined that 71% of the population has presented some discomfort or affection to their health related to indoor air quality. The general hypothesis of the investigation shows that there is a direct relationship between the pollutants and the health of the occupants. After the identification, measurement and evaluation of the chemical contaminants present in the laboratories, the design and simulation of a natural ventilation system for an average laboratory was carried out, with the application of materials, dimensions, distribution and adequate natural ventilation. guarantees the elimination of chemical contaminants, the regulation and control of the thermo-hygrometric parameters of the environment.